https://damtoolbox.org/index.php?action=history&feed=atom&title=Outlet_WorksOutlet Works - Revision history2026-05-21T14:02:54ZRevision history for this page on the wikiMediaWiki 1.40.0https://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Outlet_Works&diff=7489&oldid=prevGrichards@gfnet.com at 22:42, 28 July 20232023-07-28T22:42:53Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"| Learn more about typical configurations of outlet works [<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[Outlet Configuration|here</del>.]<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"| Learn more about <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Outlet Configuration|</ins>typical configurations of outlet works<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] (Photo Source: </ins>[<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">https://damoutletworks.org/Pages/GatesValves/GatesValves1.html DamOutletWorks</ins>.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">org</ins>]<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">).</ins></div></td></tr>
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</table>Grichards@gfnet.comhttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Outlet_Works&diff=7301&oldid=prevMpollei@gfnet.com at 20:48, 18 July 20232023-07-18T20:48:13Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|-</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"| Learn more about typical configurations of outlet works [[Outlet Configuration|here]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"| Learn more about typical configurations of outlet works [[Outlet Configuration|here<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">.</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
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</table>Mpollei@gfnet.comhttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Outlet_Works&diff=7093&oldid=prevMpollei@gfnet.com at 16:42, 11 July 20232023-07-11T16:42:02Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><noautolinks>==Best Practices Resources==</noautolinks></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><noautolinks>==Best Practices Resources==</noautolinks></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679) | Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679), FEMA<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 2010</del>]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679) | Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679), FEMA]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) | Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484), FEMA<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 2005</del>]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) | Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484), FEMA]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420) | Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420), USACE<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 1997</del>]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420) | Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420), USACE]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 1: Introduction) | Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 1: Introduction), USBR<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, 2011</del>]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 1: Introduction) | Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 1: Introduction), USBR]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Trainings==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Trainings==</div></td></tr>
</table>Mpollei@gfnet.comhttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Outlet_Works&diff=6712&oldid=prevGrichards at 20:59, 17 March 20232023-03-17T20:59:22Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed --></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“An outlet works is a combination of structures and equipment required for the safe [[operation]] and control of water released from a reservoir to serve various purposes (i.e., regulating stream flow and quality; releasing floodwater, providing [[irrigation]], municipal, and/or industrial water)”.<ref name="FEMA Outlet Works">[[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679) | Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators, FEMA, 2010]]</ref> <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</del>Note that although outlet works are often necessary for the proper operation of a dam/reservoir system, they can create a distinct vulnerability in the system. Most outlet works include a conduit penetration and discontinuity within the dam or abutment/foundation, and therefore require careful and judicious design, inspection, and maintenance.<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''</del></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“An outlet works is a combination of structures and equipment required for the safe [[operation]] and control of water released from a reservoir to serve various purposes (i.e., regulating stream flow and quality; releasing floodwater, providing [[irrigation]], municipal, and/or industrial water)”.<ref name="FEMA Outlet Works">[[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679) | Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators, FEMA, 2010]]</ref> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><u></ins>Note that although outlet works are often necessary for the proper operation of a dam/reservoir system, they can create a distinct vulnerability in the system. Most outlet works include a conduit penetration and discontinuity within the dam or abutment/foundation, and therefore require careful and judicious design, inspection, and maintenance.<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></u></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The outlet works is an essential component of any dam where the structure does not allow a continuous flow of water over the face of the dam. The discharge capacity and required outflows from the dam via the outlet works are determined by several factors including the purpose of the dam and/or federal and state regulation(s).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The outlet works is an essential component of any dam where the structure does not allow a continuous flow of water over the face of the dam. The discharge capacity and required outflows from the dam via the outlet works are determined by several factors including the purpose of the dam and/or federal and state regulation(s).</div></td></tr>
</table>Grichardshttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Outlet_Works&diff=6711&oldid=prevGrichards at 20:58, 17 March 20232023-03-17T20:58:02Z<p></p>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“An outlet works is a combination of structures and equipment required for the safe [[operation]] and control of water released from a reservoir to serve various purposes (i.e., regulating stream flow and quality; releasing floodwater, providing [[irrigation]], municipal, and/or industrial water)”.<ref name="FEMA Outlet Works">[[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679) | Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators, FEMA, 2010]]</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“An outlet works is a combination of structures and equipment required for the safe [[operation]] and control of water released from a reservoir to serve various purposes (i.e., regulating stream flow and quality; releasing floodwater, providing [[irrigation]], municipal, and/or industrial water)”.<ref name="FEMA Outlet Works">[[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679) | Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators, FEMA, 2010]]</ref> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">'''Note that although outlet works are often necessary for the proper operation of a dam/reservoir system, they can create a distinct vulnerability in the system. Most outlet works include a conduit penetration and discontinuity within the dam or abutment/foundation, and therefore require careful and judicious design, inspection, and maintenance.'''</ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The outlet works is an essential component of any dam where the structure does not allow a continuous flow of water over the face of the dam. The discharge capacity and required outflows from the dam via the outlet works are determined by several factors including the purpose of the dam and/or federal and state regulation(s).</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The outlet works is an essential component of any dam where the structure does not allow a continuous flow of water over the face of the dam. The discharge capacity and required outflows from the dam via the outlet works are determined by several factors including the purpose of the dam and/or federal and state regulation(s).</div></td></tr>
</table>Grichardshttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Outlet_Works&diff=5760&oldid=prevGrichards at 23:41, 14 December 20222022-12-14T23:41:41Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 23:41, 14 December 2022</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“The components of outlet works, starting from the upstream end, typically consist of an approach channel, an intake structure, a conduit or a tunnel, a control gate chamber, (located in the intake structure, within the conduit, or at the downstream end of the conduit), an exit chute, an energy dissipater, and a discharge channel. Outlet works are frequently used to pass diversion flows during [[construction]], regulate flood flows, aid in emptying the reservoir in an emergency condition, and permit reservoir lowering for [[inspections]] and special repairs”.<ref name="USACE Structural Design Outlet Works">[[Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works (EM 1110-2-2400) | EM 1110-2-2400 Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works, USACE, 2003]]</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“The components of outlet works, starting from the upstream end, typically consist of an approach channel, an intake structure, a conduit or a tunnel, a control gate chamber, (located in the intake structure, within the conduit, or at the downstream end of the conduit), an exit chute, an energy dissipater, and a discharge channel. Outlet works are frequently used to pass diversion flows during [[construction]], regulate flood flows, aid in emptying the reservoir in an emergency condition, and permit reservoir lowering for [[inspections]] and special repairs”.<ref name="USACE Structural Design Outlet Works">[[Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works (EM 1110-2-2400) | EM 1110-2-2400 Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works, USACE, 2003]]</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The selection of the size, type, and location of the outlet works varies from one dam to the next and is highly dependent on the type of dam and the intended project purpose(s), the required discharge capacity, the specific hydrologic conditions, or [[Hazard Potential Classification|hazard potential classification]]. When designing the layout and control <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</del>mechanism<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>of the conduit or tunnel used in the outlet works, two classifications are often used, each with their own advantages and disadvantages: [[Downstream Control|downstream control]] and [[Upstream Control|upstream control]]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The selection of the size, type, and location of the outlet works varies from one dam to the next and is highly dependent on the type of dam and the intended project purpose(s), the required discharge capacity, the specific hydrologic conditions, or [[Hazard Potential Classification|hazard potential classification]]. When designing the layout and control mechanism of the conduit or tunnel used in the outlet works, two classifications are often used, each with their own advantages and disadvantages: [[Downstream Control|downstream control]] and [[Upstream Control|upstream control]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“The location of the control features within the outlet works affects the risk associated with internal erosion and backward erosion piping incidents. [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] features can allow pressurized conditions to occur in the upstream portion of the conduit. Pressurized conditions create a greater potential for water escaping under pressure, potentially eroding the surrounding earthfill or foundation [[soils]]. Careful consideration is required in selecting the location of control features”.<ref name="FEMA Conduits through Embankments">[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) | FEMA 484 Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA, 2005]]</ref> [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] allows for easier access to any valves or gates used to control the outlet works, as they can be contained within a galley inside the dam or in an appurtenant structure at the toe of the dam. This simplifies any work associated with inspecting, servicing, or replacing the gates or valves. Industry practice for outlet works with downstream controls is to provide provisions for upstream closure in case of an emergency.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“The location of the control features within the outlet works affects the risk associated with internal erosion and backward erosion piping incidents. [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] features can allow pressurized conditions to occur in the upstream portion of the conduit. Pressurized conditions create a greater potential for water escaping under pressure, potentially eroding the surrounding earthfill or foundation [[soils]]. Careful consideration is required in selecting the location of control features”.<ref name="FEMA Conduits through Embankments">[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) | FEMA 484 Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA, 2005]]</ref> [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] allows for easier access to any valves or gates used to control the outlet works, as they can be contained within a galley inside the dam or in an appurtenant structure at the toe of the dam. This simplifies any work associated with inspecting, servicing, or replacing the gates or valves. Industry practice for outlet works with downstream controls is to provide provisions for upstream closure in case of an emergency.</div></td></tr>
</table>Grichardshttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Outlet_Works&diff=5462&oldid=prevRmanwaring at 21:47, 13 December 20222022-12-13T21:47:26Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:47, 13 December 2022</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Website Icon}} [[Accounting for Energy Dissipation|Learn more about accounting for energy dissipation at outlet works]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Website Icon}} [[Accounting for Energy Dissipation|Learn more about accounting for energy dissipation at outlet works]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Website Icon}} [https://damfailures.org/lessons-learned/all-dams-need-an-operable-reservoir-drain-system/ Learn about the importance of having an operable reservoir drain system (DamFailures.org)]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Website Icon}} [https://damfailures.org/lessons-learned/all-dams-need-an-operable-reservoir-drain-system/ Learn about the importance of having an operable reservoir drain system (DamFailures.org)]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-deleted"></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><noautolinks>==Best Practices Resources==</noautolinks></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><noautolinks>==Best Practices Resources==</noautolinks></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679)|Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Federal Emergency Management Agency</del>)]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679) | Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FEMA P-679</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, FEMA, 2010</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484)|Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">Federal Emergency Management Agency</del>)]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) | Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">FEMA P-484</ins>)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, FEMA, 2005</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420)|Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)</del>]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420) | Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, USACE, 1997</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 1: Introduction)|Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 1: Introduction) <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">(Bureau of Reclamation)</del>]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 1: Introduction) | Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 1: Introduction)<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">, USBR, 2011</ins>]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Trainings==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Trainings==</div></td></tr>
</table>Rmanwaringhttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Outlet_Works&diff=5461&oldid=prevRmanwaring: /* Best Practices Resources */2022-12-13T21:45:09Z<p><span dir="auto"><span class="autocomment">Best Practices Resources</span></span></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 21:45, 13 December 2022</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“The components of outlet works, starting from the upstream end, typically consist of an approach channel, an intake structure, a conduit or a tunnel, a control gate chamber, (located in the intake structure, within the conduit, or at the downstream end of the conduit), an exit chute, an energy dissipater, and a discharge channel. Outlet works are frequently used to pass diversion flows during [[construction]], regulate flood flows, aid in emptying the reservoir in an emergency condition, and permit reservoir lowering for [[inspections]] and special repairs”.<ref name="USACE Structural Design Outlet Works">[[Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works (EM 1110-2-2400) | EM 1110-2-2400 Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works, USACE, 2003]]</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“The components of outlet works, starting from the upstream end, typically consist of an approach channel, an intake structure, a conduit or a tunnel, a control gate chamber, (located in the intake structure, within the conduit, or at the downstream end of the conduit), an exit chute, an energy dissipater, and a discharge channel. Outlet works are frequently used to pass diversion flows during [[construction]], regulate flood flows, aid in emptying the reservoir in an emergency condition, and permit reservoir lowering for [[inspections]] and special repairs”.<ref name="USACE Structural Design Outlet Works">[[Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works (EM 1110-2-2400) | EM 1110-2-2400 Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works, USACE, 2003]]</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The selection of the size, type, and location of the outlet works varies from one dam to the next and is highly dependent on the type of dam and the intended project purpose(s), the required discharge capacity, the specific hydrologic conditions, or hazard potential classification. When designing the layout and control [[mechanism]] of the conduit or tunnel used in the outlet works, two classifications are often used, each with their own advantages and disadvantages: [[Downstream Control|downstream control]] and [[Upstream Control|upstream control]]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The selection of the size, type, and location of the outlet works varies from one dam to the next and is highly dependent on the type of dam and the intended project purpose(s), the required discharge capacity, the specific hydrologic conditions, or <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Hazard Potential Classification|</ins>hazard potential classification<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]]</ins>. When designing the layout and control [[mechanism]] of the conduit or tunnel used in the outlet works, two classifications are often used, each with their own advantages and disadvantages: [[Downstream Control|downstream control]] and [[Upstream Control|upstream control]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“The location of the control features within the outlet works affects the risk associated with internal erosion and backward erosion piping incidents. [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] features can allow pressurized conditions to occur in the upstream portion of the conduit. Pressurized conditions create a greater potential for water escaping under pressure, potentially eroding the surrounding earthfill or foundation [[soils]]. Careful consideration is required in selecting the location of control features”.<ref name="FEMA Conduits through Embankments">[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) | FEMA 484 Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA, 2005]]</ref> [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] allows for easier access to any valves or gates used to control the outlet works, as they can be contained within a galley inside the dam or in an appurtenant structure at the toe of the dam. This simplifies any work associated with inspecting, servicing, or replacing the gates or valves. Industry practice for outlet works with downstream controls is to provide provisions for upstream closure in case of an emergency.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“The location of the control features within the outlet works affects the risk associated with internal erosion and backward erosion piping incidents. [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] features can allow pressurized conditions to occur in the upstream portion of the conduit. Pressurized conditions create a greater potential for water escaping under pressure, potentially eroding the surrounding earthfill or foundation [[soils]]. Careful consideration is required in selecting the location of control features”.<ref name="FEMA Conduits through Embankments">[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) | FEMA 484 Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA, 2005]]</ref> [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] allows for easier access to any valves or gates used to control the outlet works, as they can be contained within a galley inside the dam or in an appurtenant structure at the toe of the dam. This simplifies any work associated with inspecting, servicing, or replacing the gates or valves. Industry practice for outlet works with downstream controls is to provide provisions for upstream closure in case of an emergency.</div></td></tr>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Website Icon}} [[Accounting for Energy Dissipation|Learn more about accounting for energy dissipation at outlet works]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Website Icon}} [[Accounting for Energy Dissipation|Learn more about accounting for energy dissipation at outlet works]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Website Icon}} [https://damfailures.org/lessons-learned/all-dams-need-an-operable-reservoir-drain-system/ Learn about the importance of having an operable reservoir drain system (DamFailures.org)]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Website Icon}} [https://damfailures.org/lessons-learned/all-dams-need-an-operable-reservoir-drain-system/ Learn about the importance of having an operable reservoir drain system (DamFailures.org)]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Best Practices Resources==</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"><noautolinks></ins>==Best Practices Resources==<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></noautolinks></ins></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679)|Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (Federal Emergency Management Agency)]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679)|Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (Federal Emergency Management Agency)]]</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484)|Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (Federal Emergency Management Agency)]]</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>{{Document Icon}}[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484)|Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (Federal Emergency Management Agency)]]</div></td></tr>
</table>Rmanwaringhttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Outlet_Works&diff=5140&oldid=prevGrichards at 22:01, 9 December 20222022-12-09T22:01:46Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 22:01, 9 December 2022</td>
</tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="diff-lineno" id="mw-diff-left-l15">Line 15:</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“Outlet works serve to regulate or release water impounded by a dam. It may release incoming flows at a reduced rate, as in the case of a detention dam; deliver inflows into [[canals]] or pipelines, as in the case of a diversion dam; or release stored-water at such rates as may be dictated by downstream needs, evacuation considerations, or a combination of multiple-purpose requirements”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements">[[Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420) |EM 1110-2-1420 Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs, USACE, 1997]]</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“Outlet works serve to regulate or release water impounded by a dam. It may release incoming flows at a reduced rate, as in the case of a detention dam; deliver inflows into [[canals]] or pipelines, as in the case of a diversion dam; or release stored-water at such rates as may be dictated by downstream needs, evacuation considerations, or a combination of multiple-purpose requirements”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements">[[Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420) |EM 1110-2-1420 Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs, USACE, 1997]]</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“Outlet structures can be classified according to their purpose, their physical and [[structural]] arrangement, or their hydraulic operation… Low level outlets are provided to maintain downstream flows for all levels of the reservoir operational pool. The outlets may also serve to empty the reservoir to permit inspection, to make needed repairs, or to maintain the upstream face of the dam or other structures normally inundated… Outlet works may act as a flood-control regulator to release water temporarily stored in flood control storage space or to evacuate storage in anticipation of flood inflows. In this case, the outflow capacity should be able to release channel capacity, or higher. The flood control storage must be evacuated as rapidly as safely possible, in order to maintain flood reduction capacity”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" /></div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“Outlet structures can be classified according to their purpose, their physical and [[structural]] arrangement, or their hydraulic operation… Low level outlets are provided to maintain downstream flows for all levels of the reservoir operational pool. The outlets may also serve to empty the reservoir to permit inspection, to make needed repairs, or to maintain the upstream face of the dam or other structures normally inundated… Outlet works may act as a flood-control <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[</ins>regulator<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </ins>to release water temporarily stored in flood control storage space or to evacuate storage in anticipation of flood inflows. In this case, the outflow capacity should be able to release channel capacity, or higher. The flood control storage must be evacuated as rapidly as safely possible, in order to maintain flood reduction capacity”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" /></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Components of Outlet Works==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Components of Outlet Works==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“The components of outlet works, starting from the upstream end, typically consist of an approach channel, an intake structure, a conduit or a tunnel, a control gate chamber, (located in the intake structure, within the conduit, or at the downstream end of the conduit), an exit chute, an energy dissipater, and a discharge channel. Outlet works are frequently used to pass diversion flows during [[construction]], regulate flood flows, aid in emptying the reservoir in an emergency condition, and permit reservoir lowering for [[inspections]] and special repairs”.<ref name="USACE Structural Design Outlet Works">[[Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works (EM 1110-2-2400) | EM 1110-2-2400 Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works, USACE, 2003]]</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“The components of outlet works, starting from the upstream end, typically consist of an approach channel, an intake structure, a conduit or a tunnel, a control gate chamber, (located in the intake structure, within the conduit, or at the downstream end of the conduit), an exit chute, an energy dissipater, and a discharge channel. Outlet works are frequently used to pass diversion flows during [[construction]], regulate flood flows, aid in emptying the reservoir in an emergency condition, and permit reservoir lowering for [[inspections]] and special repairs”.<ref name="USACE Structural Design Outlet Works">[[Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works (EM 1110-2-2400) | EM 1110-2-2400 Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works, USACE, 2003]]</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The selection of the size, type, and location of the outlet works varies from one dam to the next and is highly dependent on the type of dam and the intended project purpose(s), the required discharge capacity, the specific hydrologic conditions, or <del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Hazard Potential|</del>hazard potential<del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </del>classification. When designing the layout and control [[mechanism]] of the conduit or tunnel used in the outlet works, two classifications are often used, each with their own advantages and disadvantages: [[Downstream Control|downstream control]] and [[Upstream Control|upstream control]]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The selection of the size, type, and location of the outlet works varies from one dam to the next and is highly dependent on the type of dam and the intended project purpose(s), the required discharge capacity, the specific hydrologic conditions, or hazard potential classification. When designing the layout and control [[mechanism]] of the conduit or tunnel used in the outlet works, two classifications are often used, each with their own advantages and disadvantages: [[Downstream Control|downstream control]] and [[Upstream Control|upstream control]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“The location of the control features within the outlet works affects the risk associated with internal erosion and backward erosion piping incidents. [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] features can allow pressurized conditions to occur in the upstream portion of the conduit. Pressurized conditions create a greater potential for water escaping under pressure, potentially eroding the surrounding earthfill or foundation [[soils]]. Careful consideration is required in selecting the location of control features”.<ref name="FEMA Conduits through Embankments">[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) | FEMA 484 Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA, 2005]]</ref> [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] allows for easier access to any valves or gates used to control the outlet works, as they can be contained within a galley inside the dam or in an appurtenant structure at the toe of the dam. This simplifies any work associated with inspecting, servicing, or replacing the gates or valves. Industry practice for outlet works with downstream controls is to provide provisions for upstream closure in case of an emergency.</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“The location of the control features within the outlet works affects the risk associated with internal erosion and backward erosion piping incidents. [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] features can allow pressurized conditions to occur in the upstream portion of the conduit. Pressurized conditions create a greater potential for water escaping under pressure, potentially eroding the surrounding earthfill or foundation [[soils]]. Careful consideration is required in selecting the location of control features”.<ref name="FEMA Conduits through Embankments">[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) | FEMA 484 Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA, 2005]]</ref> [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] allows for easier access to any valves or gates used to control the outlet works, as they can be contained within a galley inside the dam or in an appurtenant structure at the toe of the dam. This simplifies any work associated with inspecting, servicing, or replacing the gates or valves. Industry practice for outlet works with downstream controls is to provide provisions for upstream closure in case of an emergency.</div></td></tr>
</table>Grichardshttps://damtoolbox.org/index.php?title=Outlet_Works&diff=4643&oldid=prevGrichards at 23:45, 1 December 20222022-12-01T23:45:39Z<p></p>
<table style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122;" data-mw="interface">
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<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">← Older revision</td>
<td colspan="2" style="background-color: #fff; color: #202122; text-align: center;">Revision as of 23:45, 1 December 2022</td>
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<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Components of Outlet Works==</div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>==Components of Outlet Works==</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">“The outlet works typically consists of an intake structure, conduit, control house, gate chamber, regulating valve(s) or gate(s), and an [[Energy Dissipation|energy dissipation]] structure”.<ref name="FEMA Outlet Works" /></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div><del style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;"></del></div></td><td colspan="2" class="diff-side-added"></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“The components of outlet works, starting from the upstream end, typically consist of an approach channel, an intake structure, a conduit or a tunnel, a control gate chamber, (located in the intake structure, within the conduit, or at the downstream end of the conduit), an exit chute, an energy dissipater, and a discharge channel. Outlet works are frequently used to pass diversion flows during [[construction]], regulate flood flows, aid in emptying the reservoir in an emergency condition, and permit reservoir lowering for [[inspections]] and special repairs”.<ref name="USACE Structural Design Outlet Works">[[Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works (EM 1110-2-2400) | EM 1110-2-2400 Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works, USACE, 2003]]</ref></div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“The components of outlet works, starting from the upstream end, typically consist of an approach channel, an intake structure, a conduit or a tunnel, a control gate chamber, (located in the intake structure, within the conduit, or at the downstream end of the conduit), an exit chute, an energy dissipater, and a discharge channel. Outlet works are frequently used to pass diversion flows during [[construction]], regulate flood flows, aid in emptying the reservoir in an emergency condition, and permit reservoir lowering for [[inspections]] and special repairs”.<ref name="USACE Structural Design Outlet Works">[[Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works (EM 1110-2-2400) | EM 1110-2-2400 Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works, USACE, 2003]]</ref></div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The selection of the size, type, and location of the outlet works varies from one dam to the next and is highly dependent on the type of dam and the intended project purpose(s), the required discharge capacity, the specific hydrologic conditions, or [[Hazard Potential|hazard potential]] classification. When designing the layout and control [[mechanism]] of the conduit or tunnel used in the outlet works, two classifications are often used, each with their own advantages and disadvantages: [[Downstream Control|downstream control]] and [[Upstream Control|upstream control]]. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>The selection of the size, type, and location of the outlet works varies from one dam to the next and is highly dependent on the type of dam and the intended project purpose(s), the required discharge capacity, the specific hydrologic conditions, or [[Hazard Potential|hazard potential]] classification. When designing the layout and control [[mechanism]] of the conduit or tunnel used in the outlet works, two classifications are often used, each with their own advantages and disadvantages: [[Downstream Control|downstream control]] and [[Upstream Control|upstream control]]. </div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="−"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #ffe49c; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“The location of the control features within the outlet works affects the risk associated with internal erosion and backward erosion piping incidents. [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] features can allow pressurized conditions to occur in the upstream portion of the conduit. Pressurized conditions create a greater potential for water escaping under pressure, potentially eroding the surrounding earthfill or foundation [[soils]]. Careful consideration is required in selecting the location of control features”.<ref name="FEMA Conduits through Embankments">[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) | FEMA 484 Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA, 2005]]</ref> Downstream control allows for easier access to any valves or gates used to control the outlet works, as they can be contained within a galley inside the dam or in an appurtenant structure at the toe of the dam. This simplifies any work associated with inspecting, servicing, or replacing the gates or valves. Industry practice for outlet works with downstream controls is to provide provisions for upstream closure in case of an emergency.</div></td><td class="diff-marker" data-marker="+"></td><td style="color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #a3d3ff; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>“The location of the control features within the outlet works affects the risk associated with internal erosion and backward erosion piping incidents. [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] features can allow pressurized conditions to occur in the upstream portion of the conduit. Pressurized conditions create a greater potential for water escaping under pressure, potentially eroding the surrounding earthfill or foundation [[soils]]. Careful consideration is required in selecting the location of control features”.<ref name="FEMA Conduits through Embankments">[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) | FEMA 484 Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA, 2005]]</ref> <ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">[[Downstream Control|</ins>Downstream control<ins style="font-weight: bold; text-decoration: none;">]] </ins>allows for easier access to any valves or gates used to control the outlet works, as they can be contained within a galley inside the dam or in an appurtenant structure at the toe of the dam. This simplifies any work associated with inspecting, servicing, or replacing the gates or valves. Industry practice for outlet works with downstream controls is to provide provisions for upstream closure in case of an emergency.</div></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><br/></td></tr>
<tr><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Upstream Control|Upstream control]] of the outlet works avoids the constant pressurization of the conduit or tunnel, and the risks associated with it, but has its own disadvantages. Upstream gates or valves are located underwater, meaning that they are more difficult to inspect, service, or replace. </div></td><td class="diff-marker"></td><td style="background-color: #f8f9fa; color: #202122; font-size: 88%; border-style: solid; border-width: 1px 1px 1px 4px; border-radius: 0.33em; border-color: #eaecf0; vertical-align: top; white-space: pre-wrap;"><div>[[Upstream Control|Upstream control]] of the outlet works avoids the constant pressurization of the conduit or tunnel, and the risks associated with it, but has its own disadvantages. Upstream gates or valves are located underwater, meaning that they are more difficult to inspect, service, or replace. </div></td></tr>
</table>Grichards