O&M of Outlet Works - Revision history

Grichards@gfnet.com at 22:45, 28 July 2023

2023-07-28T22:45:06Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 22:45, 28 July 2023
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	\| [[Image:RD1.png\|350px\|x350px\|link=Existing Conditions]]		\| [[Image:RD1.png\|350px\|x350px\|link=Existing Conditions]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"\| Learn more about assessing the condition of an [[Existing Conditions\|outlet conduit]]		\|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"\| Learn more about assessing the condition of an [[Existing Conditions\|outlet conduit]] (Photo Source: [https://damoutletworks.org/Pages/ExCond/Deterioration1.html DamOutletWorks.org]).
	\|}		\|}

Mpollei@gfnet.com at 16:45, 11 July 2023

2023-07-11T16:45:37Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 16:45, 11 July 2023
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	“[[Outlet Works\|Outlet works]] serve to regulate or release water impounded by a dam. It may release incoming flows at a reduced rate, as in the case of a detention dam; divert inflows into [[canals]] or pipelines, as in the case of a diversion dam; or release stored-water at such rates as may be dictated by downstream needs, evacuation considerations, or a combination of multiple-purpose requirements”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />		“[[Outlet Works\|Outlet works]] serve to regulate or release water impounded by a dam. It may release incoming flows at a reduced rate, as in the case of a detention dam; divert inflows into [[canals]] or pipelines, as in the case of a diversion dam; or release stored-water at such rates as may be dictated by downstream needs, evacuation considerations, or a combination of multiple-purpose requirements”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />

	“Discharges from a reservoir outlet works fluctuate throughout the year depending upon downstream water needs and reservoir flood control requirements. Therefore, impounded water must be released at specific regulated rates. Operating gates and regulating valves are used to control and regulate the outlet works flow and are designed to operate in any position from closed to fully open. Guard or emergency gates are designed to close if the operating gates fail, or where [[dewatering]] is desired to inspect or repair the operating gates”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />		“Discharges from a reservoir [[Outlet Works\|outlet works]] fluctuate throughout the year depending upon downstream water needs and reservoir flood control requirements. Therefore, impounded water must be released at specific regulated rates. Operating gates and regulating valves are used to control and regulate the [[Outlet Works\|outlet works]] flow and are designed to operate in any position from closed to fully open. Guard or emergency gates are designed to close if the operating gates fail, or where [[dewatering]] is desired to inspect or repair the operating gates”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />

	==Maintenance of Outlet Works==		==Maintenance of Outlet Works==
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	{{Website Icon}} [[Existing Conditions\|Learn more about assessing the condition of existing outlet conduits]]		{{Website Icon}} [[Existing Conditions\|Learn more about assessing the condition of existing outlet conduits]]
	<noautolinks>==Best Practices Resources==</noautolinks>		<noautolinks>==Best Practices Resources==</noautolinks>
	{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679) \| Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679), FEMA~~, 2010~~]]		{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679) \| Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679), FEMA]]
	{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) \| Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484), FEMA~~, 2005~~]]		{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) \| Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484), FEMA]]

	==Trainings==		==Trainings==

Rmanwaring: /* Best Practices Resources */

2022-12-13T21:54:32Z

Best Practices Resources

← Older revision		Revision as of 21:54, 13 December 2022
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	==Operation of Outlet Works==		==Operation of Outlet Works==
	~~“Outlet~~ works serve to regulate or release water impounded by a dam. It may release incoming flows at a reduced rate, as in the case of a detention dam; divert inflows into [[canals]] or pipelines, as in the case of a diversion dam; or release stored-water at such rates as may be dictated by downstream needs, evacuation considerations, or a combination of multiple-purpose requirements”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />		“[[Outlet Works\|Outlet works]] serve to regulate or release water impounded by a dam. It may release incoming flows at a reduced rate, as in the case of a detention dam; divert inflows into [[canals]] or pipelines, as in the case of a diversion dam; or release stored-water at such rates as may be dictated by downstream needs, evacuation considerations, or a combination of multiple-purpose requirements”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />

	“Discharges from a reservoir outlet works fluctuate throughout the year depending upon downstream water needs and reservoir flood control requirements. Therefore, impounded water must be released at specific regulated rates. Operating gates and regulating valves are used to control and regulate the outlet works flow and are designed to operate in any position from closed to fully open. Guard or emergency gates are designed to close if the operating gates fail, or where [[dewatering]] is desired to inspect or repair the operating gates”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />		“Discharges from a reservoir outlet works fluctuate throughout the year depending upon downstream water needs and reservoir flood control requirements. Therefore, impounded water must be released at specific regulated rates. Operating gates and regulating valves are used to control and regulate the outlet works flow and are designed to operate in any position from closed to fully open. Guard or emergency gates are designed to close if the operating gates fail, or where [[dewatering]] is desired to inspect or repair the operating gates”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />
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	==Examples==		==Examples==
	{{Website Icon}} [[Existing Conditions\|Learn more about assessing the condition of existing outlet conduits]]		{{Website Icon}} [[Existing Conditions\|Learn more about assessing the condition of existing outlet conduits]]
	==Best Practices Resources==		<noautolinks>==Best Practices Resources==</noautolinks>
	{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679)\|Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (~~Federal Emergency Management Agency~~)]]		{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679) \| Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679), FEMA, 2010]]
	{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484)\|Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (~~Federal Emergency Management Agency~~)]]		{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) \| Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484), FEMA, 2005]]

	==Trainings==		==Trainings==
	{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Low-Level Conduits – What Can Go Wrong, How to Inspect, How to Repair?]]		{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Low-Level Conduits – What Can Go Wrong, How to Inspect, How to Repair?]]

Grichards at 04:06, 2 December 2022

2022-12-02T04:06:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:06, 2 December 2022
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	<!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed -->		<!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed -->
	The necessity to perform controlled releases of stored water for water supply and regulation, [[recreation]], flood [[Risk Management\|risk management]], [[irrigation]], [[navigation]], and [[environmental]] purposes via the [[Outlet Works\|outlet works]] makes its [[operation]] and maintenance one of the most important topics in dam safety. “[[Spillways]] and outlet works are necessary to provide capability to release an adequate rate of water from the reservoir to satisfy dam safety and water control regulation of the project”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements">[[Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420) \| EM 1110-2-1420 Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs, USACE, 1997]]</ref>		The necessity to perform controlled releases of stored water for water supply and regulation, [[recreation]], flood [[Risk Management\|risk management]], [[irrigation]], [[navigation]], and [[environmental]] purposes via the [[Outlet Works\|outlet works]] makes its [[operation]] and maintenance one of the most important topics in dam safety. “[[Spillways]] and [[Outlet Works\|outlet works]] are necessary to provide capability to release an adequate rate of water from the reservoir to satisfy dam safety and water control regulation of the project”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements">[[Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420) \| EM 1110-2-1420 Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs, USACE, 1997]]</ref>

	==Operation of Outlet Works==		==Operation of Outlet Works==
	“Outlet works serve to regulate or release water impounded by a dam. It may release incoming flows at a reduced rate, as in the case of a detention dam; ~~diver~~ inflows into [[canals]] or pipelines, as in the case of a diversion dam; or release stored-water at such rates as may be dictated by downstream needs, evacuation considerations, or a combination of multiple-purpose requirements”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />		“Outlet works serve to regulate or release water impounded by a dam. It may release incoming flows at a reduced rate, as in the case of a detention dam; divert inflows into [[canals]] or pipelines, as in the case of a diversion dam; or release stored-water at such rates as may be dictated by downstream needs, evacuation considerations, or a combination of multiple-purpose requirements”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />

	“Discharges from a reservoir outlet works fluctuate throughout the year depending upon downstream water needs and reservoir flood control requirements. Therefore, impounded water must be released at specific regulated rates. Operating gates and regulating valves are used to control and regulate the outlet works flow and are designed to operate in any position from closed to fully open. Guard or emergency gates are designed to close if the operating gates fail, or where [[dewatering]] is desired to inspect or repair the operating gates”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />		“Discharges from a reservoir outlet works fluctuate throughout the year depending upon downstream water needs and reservoir flood control requirements. Therefore, impounded water must be released at specific regulated rates. Operating gates and regulating valves are used to control and regulate the outlet works flow and are designed to operate in any position from closed to fully open. Guard or emergency gates are designed to close if the operating gates fail, or where [[dewatering]] is desired to inspect or repair the operating gates”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />

Grichards at 04:05, 2 December 2022

2022-12-02T04:05:29Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 04:05, 2 December 2022
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	\| [[Image:RD1.png\|350px\|x350px\|link=Existing Conditions]]		\| [[Image:RD1.png\|350px\|x350px\|link=Existing Conditions]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"\| Learn more [[about]] assessing the condition of an [[Existing Conditions\|outlet conduit]]		\|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"\| Learn more about assessing the condition of an [[Existing Conditions\|outlet conduit]]
	\|}		\|}

	<!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed -->		<!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed -->
	The necessity to perform controlled releases of stored water for water supply and regulation, [[recreation]], flood risk management, [[irrigation]], [[navigation]], and [[environmental]] purposes via the outlet works makes its [[operation]] and maintenance one of the most important topics in dam safety. “[[Spillways]] and outlet works are necessary to provide capability to release an adequate rate of water from the reservoir to satisfy dam safety and water control regulation of the project”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements">[[Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420) \| EM 1110-2-1420 Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs, USACE, 1997]]</ref>		The necessity to perform controlled releases of stored water for water supply and regulation, [[recreation]], flood [[Risk Management\|risk management]], [[irrigation]], [[navigation]], and [[environmental]] purposes via the [[Outlet Works\|outlet works]] makes its [[operation]] and maintenance one of the most important topics in dam safety. “[[Spillways]] and outlet works are necessary to provide capability to release an adequate rate of water from the reservoir to satisfy dam safety and water control regulation of the project”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements">[[Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420) \| EM 1110-2-1420 Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs, USACE, 1997]]</ref>

	==Operation of Outlet Works==		==Operation of Outlet Works==

Grichards at 06:05, 18 November 2022

2022-11-18T06:05:18Z

Grichards at 18:36, 27 September 2022

2022-09-27T18:36:10Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 18:36, 27 September 2022
Line 27:		Line 27:

	==Examples==		==Examples==
	{{Website Icon}} Learn more about assessing the condition of ~~[[Existing Conditions\|~~existing outlet conduits]]		{{Website Icon}} [[Existing Conditions\|Learn more about assessing the condition of existing outlet conduits]]
	==Best Practices Resources==		==Best Practices Resources==
	{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679)\|Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (Federal Emergency Management Agency)]]		{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679)\|Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (Federal Emergency Management Agency)]]

Grichards at 03:42, 16 September 2022

2022-09-16T03:42:09Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:42, 16 September 2022
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	==Maintenance of Outlet Works==		==Maintenance of Outlet Works==
	“A pipe typically deteriorates as it ages, but proper maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation can extend its service life”.<ref name="USACE CPC">[[~~Conduits, Culverts, and Pipes (~~EM 1110-2-2902) \| EM 1110-2-2902 Conduits, Pipes, and Culverts Associated with Dams and Levee Systems, 2020]]</ref>		“A pipe typically deteriorates as it ages, but proper maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation can extend its service life”.<ref name="USACE CPC">[[EM 1110-2-2902 Conduits, Pipes, and Culverts Associated with Dams and Levee Systems, 2020 \| EM 1110-2-2902 Conduits, Pipes, and Culverts Associated with Dams and Levee Systems, 2020]]</ref>

	“Small, inaccessible conduits are especially vulnerable to plugging issues. Cleaning is usually only an issue where man-entry is not possible. If a conduit requires cleaning, it should only be done after careful consideration of the potential effects on known or suspected deterioration within the conduit. The basic philosophy used in the cleaning of conduits should be to ‘do no harm.’ This means a very cautious approach is required for cleaning of conduits”.<ref name="FEMA 484">[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) \| FEMA 484 Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA, 2005]]</ref>		“Small, inaccessible conduits are especially vulnerable to plugging issues. Cleaning is usually only an issue where man-entry is not possible. If a conduit requires cleaning, it should only be done after careful consideration of the potential effects on known or suspected deterioration within the conduit. The basic philosophy used in the cleaning of conduits should be to ‘do no harm.’ This means a very cautious approach is required for cleaning of conduits”.<ref name="FEMA 484">[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) \| FEMA 484 Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA, 2005]]</ref>

Grichards at 03:40, 16 September 2022

2022-09-16T03:40:35Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:40, 16 September 2022
Line 16:		Line 16:

	==Maintenance of Outlet Works==		==Maintenance of Outlet Works==
	“A pipe typically deteriorates as it ages, but proper maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation can extend its service life”.<ref name="USACE CPC">[[Conduits, ~~Pipes~~, and ~~Culverts Associated with Dams and Levee Systems~~ (EM 1110-2-2902) \| EM 1110-2-2902 Conduits, Pipes, and Culverts Associated with Dams and Levee Systems, 2020]]</ref>		“A pipe typically deteriorates as it ages, but proper maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation can extend its service life”.<ref name="USACE CPC">[[Conduits, Culverts, and Pipes (EM 1110-2-2902) \| EM 1110-2-2902 Conduits, Pipes, and Culverts Associated with Dams and Levee Systems, 2020]]</ref>

	“Small, inaccessible conduits are especially vulnerable to plugging issues. Cleaning is usually only an issue where man-entry is not possible. If a conduit requires cleaning, it should only be done after careful consideration of the potential effects on known or suspected deterioration within the conduit. The basic philosophy used in the cleaning of conduits should be to ‘do no harm.’ This means a very cautious approach is required for cleaning of conduits”.<ref name="FEMA 484">[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) \| FEMA 484 Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA, 2005]]</ref>		“Small, inaccessible conduits are especially vulnerable to plugging issues. Cleaning is usually only an issue where man-entry is not possible. If a conduit requires cleaning, it should only be done after careful consideration of the potential effects on known or suspected deterioration within the conduit. The basic philosophy used in the cleaning of conduits should be to ‘do no harm.’ This means a very cautious approach is required for cleaning of conduits”.<ref name="FEMA 484">[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) \| FEMA 484 Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA, 2005]]</ref>

Grichards at 03:38, 16 September 2022

2022-09-16T03:38:57Z

← Older revision		Revision as of 03:38, 16 September 2022
Line 29:		Line 29:
	{{Website Icon}} Learn more about assessing the condition of [[Existing Conditions\|existing outlet conduits]]		{{Website Icon}} Learn more about assessing the condition of [[Existing Conditions\|existing outlet conduits]]
	==Best Practices Resources==		==Best Practices Resources==
	{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679)\|Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (Federal Emergency Management Agency~~, 2010~~)]]		{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679)\|Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (Federal Emergency Management Agency)]]
	{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484)\|Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (Federal Emergency Management Agency~~, 2005~~)]]		{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484)\|Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (Federal Emergency Management Agency)]]
	==Trainings==		==Trainings==
	{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Low-Level Conduits – What Can Go Wrong, How to Inspect, How to Repair?]]		{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Low-Level Conduits – What Can Go Wrong, How to Inspect, How to Repair?]]

← Older revision		Revision as of 06:05, 18 November 2022
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	__NOTOC__		__NOTOC__
			[[Category:Outlet Works]]
	----		----
	{\| align="right" style="width:10%;" cellpadding="7"		{\| align="right" style="width:10%;" cellpadding="7"
	\| [[Image:RD1.png\|350px\|x350px\|link=Existing Conditions]]		\| [[Image:RD1.png\|350px\|x350px\|link=Existing Conditions]]
	\|-		\|-
	\|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"\| Learn more about assessing the condition of an [[Existing Conditions\|outlet conduit]]		\|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"\| Learn more [[about]] assessing the condition of an [[Existing Conditions\|outlet conduit]]
	\|}		\|}

	<!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed -->		<!-- Delete any sections that are not necessary to your topic. Add pictures/sections as needed -->
	The necessity to perform controlled releases of stored water for water supply and regulation, recreation, flood risk management, irrigation, navigation, and environmental purposes via the outlet works makes its operation and maintenance one of the most important topics in dam safety. ~~“Spillways~~ and outlet works are necessary to provide capability to release an adequate rate of water from the reservoir to satisfy dam safety and water control regulation of the project”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements">[[Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420) \| EM 1110-2-1420 Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs, USACE, 1997]]</ref>		The necessity to perform controlled releases of stored water for water supply and regulation, [[recreation]], flood risk management, [[irrigation]], [[navigation]], and [[environmental]] purposes via the outlet works makes its [[operation]] and maintenance one of the most important topics in dam safety. “[[Spillways]] and outlet works are necessary to provide capability to release an adequate rate of water from the reservoir to satisfy dam safety and water control regulation of the project”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements">[[Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420) \| EM 1110-2-1420 Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs, USACE, 1997]]</ref>

	==Operation of Outlet Works==		==Operation of Outlet Works==
	“Outlet works serve to regulate or release water impounded by a dam. It may release incoming flows at a reduced rate, as in the case of a detention dam; diver inflows into canals or pipelines, as in the case of a diversion dam; or release stored-water at such rates as may be dictated by downstream needs, evacuation considerations, or a combination of multiple-purpose requirements”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />		“Outlet works serve to regulate or release water impounded by a dam. It may release incoming flows at a reduced rate, as in the case of a detention dam; diver inflows into [[canals]] or pipelines, as in the case of a diversion dam; or release stored-water at such rates as may be dictated by downstream needs, evacuation considerations, or a combination of multiple-purpose requirements”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />

	“Discharges from a reservoir outlet works fluctuate throughout the year depending upon downstream water needs and reservoir flood control requirements. Therefore, impounded water must be released at specific regulated rates. Operating gates and regulating valves are used to control and regulate the outlet works flow and are designed to operate in any position from closed to fully open. Guard or emergency gates are designed to close if the operating gates fail, or where dewatering is desired to inspect or repair the operating gates”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />		“Discharges from a reservoir outlet works fluctuate throughout the year depending upon downstream water needs and reservoir flood control requirements. Therefore, impounded water must be released at specific regulated rates. Operating gates and regulating valves are used to control and regulate the outlet works flow and are designed to operate in any position from closed to fully open. Guard or emergency gates are designed to close if the operating gates fail, or where [[dewatering]] is desired to inspect or repair the operating gates”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />

	==Maintenance of Outlet Works==		==Maintenance of Outlet Works==
	“A pipe typically deteriorates as it ages, but proper maintenance, repair, and rehabilitation can extend its service life”.<ref name="USACE CPC">[[EM 1110-2-2902 Conduits, Pipes, and Culverts Associated with Dams and Levee Systems, 2020 \| EM 1110-2-2902 Conduits, Pipes, and Culverts Associated with Dams and Levee Systems, 2020]]</ref>		“A pipe typically deteriorates as it ages, but proper maintenance, repair, and [[rehabilitation]] can extend its service life”.<ref name="USACE CPC">[[EM 1110-2-2902 Conduits, Pipes, and Culverts Associated with Dams and Levee Systems, 2020 \| EM 1110-2-2902 Conduits, Pipes, and Culverts Associated with Dams and Levee Systems, 2020]]</ref>

	“Small, inaccessible conduits are especially vulnerable to plugging issues. Cleaning is usually only an issue where man-entry is not possible. If a conduit requires cleaning, it should only be done after careful consideration of the potential effects on known or suspected deterioration within the conduit. The basic philosophy used in the cleaning of conduits should be to ‘do no harm.’ This means a very cautious approach is required for cleaning of conduits”.<ref name="FEMA 484">[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) \| FEMA 484 Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA, 2005]]</ref>		“Small, inaccessible conduits are especially vulnerable to plugging issues. Cleaning is usually only an issue where man-entry is not possible. If a conduit requires cleaning, it should only be done after careful consideration of the potential effects on known or suspected deterioration within the conduit. The basic philosophy used in the cleaning of conduits should be to ‘do no harm.’ This means a very cautious approach is required for cleaning of conduits”.<ref name="FEMA 484">[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) \| FEMA 484 Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA, 2005]]</ref>
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	“Cleaning may be required to improve the flow capacity within the conduit due to hard deposits, bacterial growths, sediments, or debris that may have collected in the conduit. Periodic operation of the conduit will flush out many of these types of collections. However, infrequent operation or nonoperation may allow for continued buildup of these collections”.<ref name="FEMA 484" />		“Cleaning may be required to improve the flow capacity within the conduit due to hard deposits, bacterial growths, sediments, or debris that may have collected in the conduit. Periodic operation of the conduit will flush out many of these types of collections. However, infrequent operation or nonoperation may allow for continued buildup of these collections”.<ref name="FEMA 484" />

	“The improper use or the selection of incorrect cleaning equipment may cause additional damage to a deteriorating conduit and further degrade its structural integrity. The type of conduit material (i.e., concrete, plastic, or metal) must be considered in selecting the appropriate cleaning method. Some conduit materials (such as CMP) are much more prone to defects. Cleaning of inaccessible conduits should only be considered after CCTV thoroughly inspects the conduit. If a deteriorating conduit is cleaned without the benefit of CCTV inspection, the conduit may become unknowingly damaged”.<ref name="FEMA 484" />		“The improper use or the selection of incorrect cleaning equipment may cause additional damage to a deteriorating conduit and further degrade its [[structural]] integrity. The type of conduit material (i.e., concrete, plastic, or metal) must be considered in selecting the appropriate cleaning method. Some conduit materials (such as CMP) are much more prone to defects. Cleaning of inaccessible conduits should only be considered after CCTV thoroughly inspects the conduit. If a deteriorating conduit is cleaned without the benefit of CCTV inspection, the conduit may become unknowingly damaged”.<ref name="FEMA 484" />

	“In some situations, minor cracks or joints experiencing seepage may eventually seal themselves by calcite deposition. This occurs when calcite precipitates out of solution and forms a deposit. Deposition may occur as the seepage evaporates, leaving the calcite behind. Calcite deposits typically mineralize and harden over time… If inspection shows locations within a conduit where this has occurred, cleaning with high pressure could remove enough of the calcite deposition to cause seepage to begin again. This possibility needs to be carefully considered prior to performing any cleaning operations within the conduit”.<ref name="FEMA 484" />		“In some situations, minor cracks or joints experiencing seepage may eventually seal themselves by calcite deposition. This occurs when calcite precipitates out of solution and forms a deposit. Deposition may occur as the seepage evaporates, leaving the calcite behind. Calcite deposits typically mineralize and harden over time… If inspection shows locations within a conduit where this has occurred, cleaning with high pressure could remove enough of the calcite deposition to cause seepage to begin again. This possibility needs to be carefully considered prior to performing any cleaning operations within the conduit”.<ref name="FEMA 484" />