ASDSO Dam Safety Toolbox - User contributions [en]

Impact Basin Examples

2023-04-27T18:06:25Z

Grichards:

[[Category:Accounting for Energy Dissipation Outlet Works]]
----


[[Energy Dissipation|Energy dissipation]] in an impact basin is accomplished through the turbulence created by the loss of momentum as flow entering the basin impacts a baffle, and the direction of the flow is changed. At high flow, further dissipation is produced as water builds up behind the baffle to form a highly turbulent backwater zone.

The type VI impact basin is a relatively small structure with highly efficient [[Energy Dissipation|energy dissipation]] characteristics. This type of energy dissipation structure does not require tailwater control.

<gallery mode="slideshow" >

File:IB1.jpg|Type VI Impact Basin Structure (image courtesy www.precon.ca)
File:IB2.jpg|Type VI Impact Basin Structure (image courtesy www.precon.ca)
File:IB3.jpg|[[Construction]] of Type VI Impact Basin structure (image courtesy www.precon.ca)
File:IB4.jpg|Layout for a Type VI Impact Basin
File:IB5.jpg|Impact Basin with flow being discharged.
File:IB6.jpg|Type VI [[Impact Basins|impact basins]] placed side by side.
File:IB7.jpg|The end of this outlet conduit was constructed too close to the vertical hanging baffle resulting in intense sprayback. Lesson learned - follow design guidance!
File:IB8.jpg|Hook Basin
File:IB9.jpg|Standard Baffle Basin
File:IB10.jpg|Basin utilizing staggered rows of baffles.

</gallery>

''Note: The content on this page was originally created as part of DamOutletWorks.org (DOWL, 2018). It has subsequently been updated and reformatted as part of the Dam Safety Toolbox.''
[[Category:Example Pages]]
{{Revhistinf}}

Impact Basin Examples

2023-04-27T18:06:04Z

Grichards:

[[Category:Accounting for Energy Dissipation Outlet Works]]
----


[[Energy Dissipation|Energy dissipation]] in an impact basin is accomplished through the turbulence created by the loss of momentum as flow entering the basin impacts a baffle, and the direction of the flow is changed. At high flow, further dissipation is produced as water builds up behind the baffle to form a highly turbulent backwater zone.

The type VI impact basin is a relatively small structure with highly efficient energy dissipation characteristics. This type of energy dissipation structure does not require tailwater control.

<gallery mode="slideshow" >

File:ACBs_with_A-Jacks.jpg|Test
File:IB1.jpg|Type VI Impact Basin Structure (image courtesy www.precon.ca)
File:IB2.jpg|Type VI Impact Basin Structure (image courtesy www.precon.ca)
File:IB3.jpg|[[Construction]] of Type VI Impact Basin structure (image courtesy www.precon.ca)
File:IB4.jpg|Layout for a Type VI Impact Basin
File:IB5.jpg|Impact Basin with flow being discharged.
File:IB6.jpg|Type VI [[Impact Basins|impact basins]] placed side by side.
File:IB7.jpg|The end of this outlet conduit was constructed too close to the vertical hanging baffle resulting in intense sprayback. Lesson learned - follow design guidance!
File:IB8.jpg|Hook Basin
File:IB9.jpg|Standard Baffle Basin
File:IB10.jpg|Basin utilizing staggered rows of baffles.

</gallery>

''Note: The content on this page was originally created as part of DamOutletWorks.org (DOWL, 2018). It has subsequently been updated and reformatted as part of the Dam Safety Toolbox.''
[[Category:Example Pages]]
{{Revhistinf}}

File:ACBs with A-Jacks.jpg

2023-04-27T18:05:13Z

Grichards:

Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin Examples

2023-04-25T22:20:40Z

Grichards:

[[Category:Accounting for Energy Dissipation Outlet Works]]
----


[[Energy Dissipation|Energy dissipation]] in a Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin is accomplished by forcing a hydraulic jump in the basin structure.
<gallery mode=slideshow>

File:HJ1.jpg|Example of a Hydraulic Jump in a stilling basin. (Image courtesy www.engr.colostate.edu)
File:HJ2.jpg|Type II stilling basin with counterforted walls. The basin has been unwatered for repairs.
File:HJ3.jpg|Wingwalls oriented normal to the basin side walls.
File:HJ4.jpg|Type I Stilling Basin. Note: Chute Blocks, Baffle Blocks, End Sill.
File:HJ5.jpg|Type II Stilling Basin.
File:HJ6.jpg|Type III Stilling Basin.
File:HJ7.jpg|Type IV Stilling Basin.
File:HJ8.jpg|A hydraulic jump in a 1:48-scale model of a Type V still basin for a spillway.
File:HJ9.jpg|A photo taken from downstream of a SAF Stilling Basin.
</gallery>

''Note: The content on this page was originally created as part of DamOutletWorks.org (DOWL, 2018). It has subsequently been updated and reformatted as part of the Dam Safety Toolbox.''
[[Category:Example Pages]]
{{Revhistinf}}

Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin Examples

2023-04-25T22:19:21Z

Grichards:

[[Category:Accounting for Energy Dissipation Outlet Works]]
----


[[Energy Dissipation|Energy dissipation]] in a Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin is accomplished by forcing a hydraulic jump in the basin structure.
<gallery mode=slideshow>

File:HJ1.jpg|Example of a Hydraulic Jump in a stilling basin. (Image courtesy www.engr.colostate.edu)
File:HJ2.jpg|Type II stilling basin with counterforted walls. The basin has been unwatered for repairs.
File:HJ3.jpg|Wingwalls oriented normal to the basin side walls.
File:HJ4.jpg|Type I Stilling Basin. Note: Chute Blocks, Baffle Blocks, End Sill.
File:HJ5.jpg|Type II Stilling Basin.
File:HJ6.jpg|Type III Stilling Basin.
File:HJ7.jpg|Type IV Stilling Basin.
File:HJ8.jpg|A hydraulic jump in a 1:48-scale model of a Type V still basin for a spillway.
File:HJ9.jpg|A photo taken from downstream of a SAF Stilling Basin.
</gallery>

[[TEST22]]
''Note: The content on this page was originally created as part of DamOutletWorks.org (DOWL, 2018). It has subsequently been updated and reformatted as part of the Dam Safety Toolbox.''
[[Category:Example Pages]]
{{Revhistinf}}

Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin Examples

2023-04-25T22:18:35Z

Grichards:

Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin Examples

2023-04-25T22:17:49Z

Grichards:

[[Category:Accounting for Energy Dissipation Outlet Works]]
----


[[Energy Dissipation|Energy dissipation]] in a Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin is accomplished by forcing a hydraulic jump in the basin structure.
<gallery mode=packed-hover heights=200px>

File:HJ1.jpg|Example of a Hydraulic Jump in a stilling basin. (Image courtesy www.engr.colostate.edu)
File:HJ2.jpg|Type II stilling basin with counterforted walls. The basin has been unwatered for repairs.
File:HJ3.jpg|Wingwalls oriented normal to the basin side walls.
File:HJ4.jpg|Type I Stilling Basin. Note: Chute Blocks, Baffle Blocks, End Sill.
File:HJ5.jpg|Type II Stilling Basin.
File:HJ6.jpg|Type III Stilling Basin.
File:HJ7.jpg|Type IV Stilling Basin.
File:HJ8.jpg|A hydraulic jump in a 1:48-scale model of a Type V still basin for a spillway.
File:HJ9.jpg|A photo taken from downstream of a SAF Stilling Basin.
</gallery>

''Note: The content on this page was originally created as part of DamOutletWorks.org (DOWL, 2018). It has subsequently been updated and reformatted as part of the Dam Safety Toolbox.''
[[Category:Example Pages]]
{{Revhistinf}}

Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin Examples

2023-04-25T22:17:24Z

Grichards:

[[Category:Accounting for Energy Dissipation Outlet Works]]
----


[[Energy Dissipation|Energy dissipation]] in a Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin is accomplished by forcing a hydraulic jump in the basin structure.
<gallery mode=packed-hover heights=300px>

File:HJ1.jpg|Example of a Hydraulic Jump in a stilling basin. (Image courtesy www.engr.colostate.edu)
File:HJ2.jpg|Type II stilling basin with counterforted walls. The basin has been unwatered for repairs.
File:HJ3.jpg|Wingwalls oriented normal to the basin side walls.
File:HJ4.jpg|Type I Stilling Basin. Note: Chute Blocks, Baffle Blocks, End Sill.
File:HJ5.jpg|Type II Stilling Basin.
File:HJ6.jpg|Type III Stilling Basin.
File:HJ7.jpg|Type IV Stilling Basin.
File:HJ8.jpg|A hydraulic jump in a 1:48-scale model of a Type V still basin for a spillway.
File:HJ9.jpg|A photo taken from downstream of a SAF Stilling Basin.
</gallery>

''Note: The content on this page was originally created as part of DamOutletWorks.org (DOWL, 2018). It has subsequently been updated and reformatted as part of the Dam Safety Toolbox.''
[[Category:Example Pages]]
{{Revhistinf}}

Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin Examples

2023-04-25T22:16:02Z

Grichards:

[[Category:Accounting for Energy Dissipation Outlet Works]]
----


[[Energy Dissipation|Energy dissipation]] in a Hydraulic Jump Stilling Basin is accomplished by forcing a hydraulic jump in the basin structure.
<gallery mode="packed-hover" >

File:HJ1.jpg|Example of a Hydraulic Jump in a stilling basin. (Image courtesy www.engr.colostate.edu)
File:HJ2.jpg|Type II stilling basin with counterforted walls. The basin has been unwatered for repairs.
File:HJ3.jpg|Wingwalls oriented normal to the basin side walls.
File:HJ4.jpg|Type I Stilling Basin. Note: Chute Blocks, Baffle Blocks, End Sill.
File:HJ5.jpg|Type II Stilling Basin.
File:HJ6.jpg|Type III Stilling Basin.
File:HJ7.jpg|Type IV Stilling Basin.
File:HJ8.jpg|A hydraulic jump in a 1:48-scale model of a Type V still basin for a spillway.
File:HJ9.jpg|A photo taken from downstream of a SAF Stilling Basin.
</gallery>

''Note: The content on this page was originally created as part of DamOutletWorks.org (DOWL, 2018). It has subsequently been updated and reformatted as part of the Dam Safety Toolbox.''
[[Category:Example Pages]]
{{Revhistinf}}

Sloping Gate Example 1

2023-04-25T22:11:50Z

Grichards:

[[Category:Outlet Configuration Outlet Works]]
----
''' ''Message: Inclined gates tend to have operational problems, may not be the best configuration for remote dams.'' '''


When [[rehabilitation]] was deemed necessary due to poor condition of the outlet conduit, the [[owner]] of this remote [[Montana]] dam decided to replace their existing inclined slide gate with an in-tower gate system. His experience with inclined gates was that they are challenging to operate and susceptible to clogging and damage. Not a good fit for a remote high elevation dam.

<gallery mode="slideshow" >

File:1SeE1.jpg
File:1SeE2.jpg
</gallery>

''Note: The content on this page was originally created as part of DamOutletWorks.org (DOWL, 2018). It has subsequently been updated and reformatted as part of the Dam Safety Toolbox.''
[[Category:Example Pages]]
{{Revhistinf}}

Sloping Gate Example 1

2023-04-25T22:11:04Z

Grichards:

[[Category:Outlet Configuration Outlet Works]]
----
''' ''Message: Inclined gates tend to have operational problems, may not be the best configuration for remote dams.'' '''


When [[rehabilitation]] was deemed necessary due to poor condition of the outlet conduit, the [[owner]] of this remote [[Montana]] dam decided to replace their existing inclined slide gate with an in-tower gate system. His experience with inclined gates was that they are challenging to operate and susceptible to clogging and damage. Not a good fit for a remote high elevation dam.

<gallery mode="packed-overlay" >

File:1SeE1.jpg
File:1SeE2.jpg
</gallery>

''Note: The content on this page was originally created as part of DamOutletWorks.org (DOWL, 2018). It has subsequently been updated and reformatted as part of the Dam Safety Toolbox.''
[[Category:Example Pages]]
{{Revhistinf}}

Sloping Gate Example 1

2023-04-25T22:06:37Z

Grichards:

Sloping Gate Example 1

2023-04-25T22:06:21Z

Grichards:

[[Category:Outlet Configuration Outlet Works]]
----
''' ''Message: Inclined gates tend to have operational problems, may not be the best configuration for remote dams.'' '''


When [[rehabilitation]] was deemed necessary due to poor condition of the outlet conduit, the [[owner]] of this remote [[Montana]] dam decided to replace their existing inclined slide gate with an in-tower gate system. His experience with inclined gates was that they are challenging to operate and susceptible to clogging and damage. Not a good fit for a remote high elevation dam.

''Note: The content on this page was originally created as part of DamOutletWorks.org (DOWL, 2018). It has subsequently been updated and reformatted as part of the Dam Safety Toolbox.''
[[Category:Example Pages]]
{{Revhistinf}}

Dam Safety Warning Signs Best Practices (FEMA P-2188)

2023-03-22T19:54:54Z

Grichards:

{{References Template

|author=

Federal Emergency Management Agency

|date=

2021

|picture=

File:FEMA2188.jpg

|link=

https://damtoolbox.org/images/8/8e/FEMA2188.pdf

|abstract=

The Federal Emergency Management Agency’s (FEMA) Dam Safety Warning Signs Best Practices is a compilation of existing leading practices from industry leaders including the American International Standards Institute (ANSI) Association of State Dam Safety (ASDSO), Bureau of Reclamation (Reclamation), Canadian Dam Association (CDA), Federal Energy Regulatory Commission (FERC), Federal Highway Administration (FHA), United States Army Corps of Engineers (USACE), United States Coast Guard (USCG), United States Society on Dams (USSD) and more.

These best practices have been developed to address the need to accurately and consistently warn against the hazardous conditions resulting from dams and their operations nationally.

Overall, the Dam Warning Signs Best Practices aims to accomplish the following:
*Provide guidance on proven and practiced dam warning sign design, messaging, and monitoring best practices.
*Promote consistent and recognizable safety signage nationally.
*Reduce the risk of injury or death resulting from dam operations.

|versions=


|errata=

None
}}

Dam Safety Warning Signs Best Practices (FEMA P-2188)

2023-03-22T19:54:15Z

Grichards:

Guidelines for Inserting a Citation

2023-03-17T22:07:58Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category: Formatting Guidelines]]
----
All references, direct quotes, information sources, and photographs that are used on the Dam Safety Toolbox should be cited. References should include the title, author, and year of publication. When citing within the text of a page, the following code templates can be used to automatically populate the citations for a topic page. When appropriate, references should be added to the [[Best Practices Resources Catalog]] using these [[Guidelines for Creating a Best Practices Resource Page|guidelines]] and cited as "internal references". If a reference is a webpage or some other document that is not publicly available, an "external reference" can be used within the citation.

Once a citation has been used on a topic page, subsequent sentences and paragraphs on the same page can be referenced using a ShortID. This only works within a single topic page. ShortIDs do not carry over to other pages of the website.

{| class="wikitable"
!width="30%"|Type
!width="50%"|Code
!width="20%"|Displays As
|-
| Internal Reference || <nowiki><ref name="SmallDams">[[Design of Small Dams| Design of Small Dams (Bureau of Reclamation, 1987)]]</ref></nowiki> || <ref name="SmallDams">[[Design of Small Dams| Design of Small Dams (Bureau of Reclamation, 1987)]]</ref>
|-
| External Reference || <nowiki><ref name="ASDSO">[https://damsafety.org/ Association of State Dam Safety Officials Website (ASDSO, 2022)]</ref></nowiki> || <ref name="ASDSO">[https://damsafety.org/ Association of State Dam Safety Officials Website (ASDSO, 2022)]</ref>
|-
| Subsequent Reference on Same Page Using ShortID || <nowiki><ref name="SmallDams"/> </nowiki> || <ref name="SmallDams"/>
|-
| List Citations at Bottom of Page || <nowiki>{{Citations}}</nowiki> || {{Citations}}
|}

{{revhistinf}}

Concrete Bedding Easier than Clay

2023-03-17T21:47:56Z

Grichards:

[[Category:Construction Considerations Outlet Works]]
----
''' ''Message: Concrete bedding installs relatively quickly, without the need for compaction under pipe haunches'' '''


Concrete bedding was used successfully in this [[Montana]] dam. Placing and encasing the 170-ft, 48-inch concrete outlet conduit was estimated to cost $133,000 (2013 cost). Six days of work effort were required to construct the foundation of the spillway riser, excavate the outlet conduit trench, and place the outlet conduit (including concrete bedding placement).
<gallery mode="slideshow" >

File:CB1.jpg|This photo shows the excavated embankment with the bottom compacted. The pipe trench will be excavated from this compacted surface.
File:CB2.jpg|Excavating pipe trench.
File:CB3.jpg|The trench has been excavated. The pipe is being set on Pipe Support Blocks.
File:CB4.jpg|Pipe support blocks were spaced four feet apart.
File:CB5.jpg|Setting the last pipe segment before setting drop inlet riser.
File:CB6.jpg|Drop Inlet set in place.
File:CB7.jpg|After pipe support blocks were set and the drop inlet riser was connected, high-slump concrete bedding was poured in the trench.
File:CB8.jpg|Concrete bedding around drop inlet riser.
File:CB9.jpg|Placing the concrete cap over the pipe.
File:CB10.jpg|Installed pipe with concrete bedding and cap.
File:CB11.jpg|Example detail of bedding configuration.

</gallery>

''Note: The content on this page was originally created as part of DamOutletWorks.org (DOWL, 2018). It has subsequently been updated and reformatted as part of the Dam Safety Toolbox.''
[[Category:Example Pages]]
{{Revhistinf}}

Filter Diaphragms

2023-03-17T21:45:41Z

Grichards:

[[Category:Construction Considerations Outlet Works]]
----
''' ''Message: Constructing the filter diaphragm is a critical component of a dam's integrity.'' '''


Constructing filter diaphragms using good [[construction]] practices is critical to the integrity of a dam. Two common techniques used in filter diaphragm construction include concurrent construction and cut and fill construction.

A few important items to consider:
*'''Existing Conduits:''' When retrofitting a filter diaphragm around an existing conduit as part of a [[rehabilitation]] project, it may not be possible to get adequate compaction of filter sand under the conduit. In these cases, Reclamation recommends cutting the conduit to allow compaction of the sub-grade prior to re-construction of the conduit (see [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 5: Protective Filters)]]).
*'''Contamination:''' If there are contaminations in the filter, concentrated flows can develop that can lead to erosion of embankment particles.
*'''Compaction:''' Compaction during construction can further break down particles and lower the permeability of filters. For critical filters and drains, consider specifying material gradations.
*'''Segregation:''' On-site [[soils]] tend to be gap graded and are prone to segregation. If on-site soils are used in the downstream shell of a dam, carefully place soils to minimize segregation.

==Concurrent Construction==
<gallery mode="slideshow" >

File:FC1.jpg|
File:FC2.jpg|
File:FC3.jpg|
File:FC4.jpg|Maintaining the filter layer one layer higher than adjacent materials will minimize the chance of contaminating the filter.

</gallery>

''Note: The content on this page was originally created as part of DamOutletWorks.org (DOWL, 2018). It has subsequently been updated and reformatted as part of the Dam Safety Toolbox.''
[[Category:Example Pages]]
{{Revhistinf}}

Care and Diversion of Water

2023-03-17T21:16:29Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category: Construction]]
----
{{Picture

|image=WaterDiversionTunnel.jpg

|link=

|caption=Construction of a tunnel for the diversion of water at a construction site.
}}


"The design for a dam that is to be constructed across a stream channel must consider diversion of the streamflow around or through the damsite during the [[construction]] period. The extent of the diversion problem varies with the size and flood potential of the stream; at some damsites diversion may be costly and time-consuming and may affect the scheduling of construction activities; whereas, at other sites it may not present any great difficulties. Nevertheless, a diversion problem exists to some extent at all sites except those located offstream, and the selection of the most appropriate scheme for diversion during construction is important to the economy of the dam."<ref name="Small Dams">[[Design of Small Dams | Design of Small Dams, USBR, 1987]]</ref>

"The diversion scheme selected ordinarily represents a compromise between the cost of the diversion facilities and the amount of risk involved. The proper diversion scheme will minimize the potential for serious flood damage to the work in progress at a minimum of expense. The following factors should be considered in a study to determine the best diversion scheme:
#Streamflow characteristics;
#Size and frequency of diversion flood;
#Methods of diversion;
#[[Specifications]] requirements."<ref name="Small Dams"/>

"The method, or scheme, of diverting floods during construction depends on the magnitude of the flood to be diverted; the physical characteristics of the site; the type of dam to be constructed; the nature of the appurtenant works, such as the spillway, [[penstocks]], or outlet works; and the probable sequence of construction operations. The objective is to select the optimum scheme considering practicability, cost, and the risks involved. The diversion works should be capable of being incorporated into the overall construction program with minimal impact and delay."<ref name="Small Dams"/>

If a cofferdam is proposed, its hazard potential to the downstream public should be evaluated. Design criteria should be imposed by the regulating agency commensurate with that risk. The regulating agency may consider the anticipated service life of the structure and other risk reduction measures when determining appropriate design criteria for the structure. The dam [[owner]]'s construction insurance policy may also specify design criteria for temporary conditions during construction.

==Best Practices Resources==
{{Document Icon}} [[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 2: Hydrologic Considerations) | Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 2: Hydrologic Considerations) (Bureau of Reclamation), USBR, 2013]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Design of Small Dams | Design of Small Dams, USBR, 1987]]

==Trainings==
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Stream Management for Dam Construction]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Managing Increased Dam Safety Risk During Reconstruction]]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

MediaWiki:Breadcrumbs

2023-03-17T21:13:23Z

Grichards:

* Home @ [[Main Page|Home]] >


* Purposes @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] >
* Types @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] >
* Anatomy @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] >
* Agencies @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] >
* Operation and Maintenance @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Operation & Maintenance]] >
* Surveillance and Monitoring @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Surveillance & Monitoring]] >
* Risk Management for Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Risk Management for Dam Safety|Risk Management]] >
* Public Safety @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] >
* Site Security @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Site Security]] >
* Emergency Management @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Emergency Management]] >
* Decommissioning @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Decommissioning]] >
* Engineering @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Engineering]] >
* Hydrology @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] >
* Hydraulics @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] >
* Geotechnical Geology @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] >
* Structural @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] >
* Seismic @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] >
* Construction @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] >
* Environmental @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] >



* Power Generation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] > [[Power Generation]] >
* Water Supply @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] > [[Water Supply & Regulation]] >
* Recreation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] > [[Recreation]] >
* Flood Risk Management @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] > [[Flood Risk Management]] >
* Irrigation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] > [[Irrigation]] >
* Navigation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] > [[Navigation]] >
* Waste Management @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] > [[Waste Management]] >
* Environment @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] > [[Environment]] >


* Embankment Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Embankment Dams]] >
* Concrete Masonry Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] >
* Composite Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Composite Dams]] >
* Timber Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Timber Dams]] >
* Rubber Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Rubber Dams]] >
* Steel Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Steel Dams]] >
* Tailings Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Tailings Dams]] >
* Low Head Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Low Head Dams]] >


* Water Conveyance @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] >
* Reservoirs @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Reservoirs]] >
* Other Appurtenant Structures @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Other Appurtenant Structures]] >


* States @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] >
* Federal @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] >


* O and M Manual @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Operation & Maintenance]] > [[O&M Manual]] >


* Seepage Surveillance and Monitoring @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Surveillance & Monitoring]] > [[Seepage Surveillance & Monitoring|Seepage]] >
* Movement Surveillance and Monitoring @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Surveillance & Monitoring]] > [[Movement Surveillance & Monitoring|Movement]] >
* Structural Surveillance and Monitoring @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Surveillance & Monitoring]] > [[Structural Surveillance & Monitoring|Structural]] >
* Hydrologic Surveillance and Monitoring @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Surveillance & Monitoring]] > [[Hydrologic Surveillance & Monitoring|Hydrologic]] >
* Visual Surveillance and Monitoring @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Surveillance & Monitoring]] > [[Visual Surveillance & Monitoring|Visual]] >
* Digital Information Management @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Surveillance & Monitoring]] > [[Digital Information Management and Controls]] >
* Inspections @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Surveillance & Monitoring]] > [[Inspections]] >


* Risk Analysis @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Risk Management for Dam Safety|Risk Management]] > [[Risk Analysis]] >
* Risk Assessment @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Risk Management for Dam Safety|Risk Management]] > [[Risk Assessment]] >
* Risk Management @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Risk Management for Dam Safety|Risk Management]] > [[Risk Management]] >
* Risk Communication @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Risk Management for Dam Safety|Risk Management]] > [[Risk Communication]] >


* Legal Public Safety @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] > [[Legal Responsibilities (Public Safety)|Legal Responsibilities]] >
* Risk Assessment Public Safety @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] > [[Risk Assessment (Public Safety)|Risk Assessment]] >
* Risk Mitigation Public Safety @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] > [[Risk Mitigation (Public Safety)|Risk Mitigation]] >
* Public Safety Program Management @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] > [[Public Safety Program Management|Program Management]] >


* Legal Site Security @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] > [[Legal Responsibilities (Site Security)|Legal Responsibilities]] >
* Risk Assessment Site Security @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] > [[Risk Assessment (Site Security)|Risk Assessment]] >
* Risk Mitigation Site Security @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] > [[Risk Mitigation (Site Security)|Risk Mitigation]] >
* Site Security Program Management @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] > [[Site Security Program Management|Program Management]] >


* Emergency Action Planning @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Emergency Management]] > [[Emergency Action Planning]] >
* Other Pertinent Plans @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Emergency Management]] > [[Other Pertinent Plans]] >
* Training EAP Exercises @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Emergency Management]] > [[Training & EAP Exercises]] >
* Emergency Response @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Emergency Management]] > [[Emergency Response]] >
* Recovery @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Emergency Management]] > [[Recovery]] >


* New Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Engineering]] > [[New Dams]] >
* Rehabilitation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Engineering]] > [[Rehabilitation]] >
* Site Planning @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Engineering]] > [[Site Planning]] >
* Permitting @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Engineering]] > [[Permitting]] >


* Low Flow @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Low Flow Conditions]] >
* Normal Flow @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Normal Flow Conditions]] >
* Flood @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Flood Conditions]] >
* Sedimentation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Sedimentation]] >
* Groundwater @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Groundwater]] >
* Unusual Watershed Conditions @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Unusual or Changing Conditions in a Watershed]] >


* Hydraulic Performance of Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Hydraulic Performance of Spillways]] >
* Hydraulic Performance of Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Hydraulic Performance of Outlet Works]] >
* Dam Breach Inundation Analysis @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Dam Breach Inundation Analysis]] >
* Spillway Integrity Analysis @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Spillway Integrity Analysis]] >
* Erosion Scour Mitigation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Erosion & Scour Mitigation]] >
* Tailwater Modeling @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Tailwater Modeling]] >
* 1D Hydraulic Models @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[One-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]] >
* 2D Hydraulic Models @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]] >
* 3D Hydraulic Models @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Three-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]] >


* Geologic History @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Geologic History]] >
* Geotechnical Exploration @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Geotechnical Exploration]] >
* Foundation Evaluation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Foundation Evaluation]] >
* Seepage Analysis and Filter Design @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Seepage Analysis & Filter/Drain Design]] >
* Slope Stability @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Slope Stability]] >
* Static Deformation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Static Deformation]] >
* Borrow Investigation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Borrow Investigation]] >
* Reservoir Rim Stability @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Reservoir Rim Stability]] >


* Global Stability of a Dam @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] >
* Structural Design Considerations @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] >


* Feasibility Seismic @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Feasibility (PGA from USGS)]] >
* Preliminary Seismic @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Preliminary (Deterministic)]] >
* Detailed Seismic @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Detailed (Site Specific)]] >
* Geologic and Tectonic Setting @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Geologic and Tectonic Setting]] >
* Seismic Source Characterization @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Seismic Source Characterization]] >
* Ground Motion Characterization @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Ground Motion Characterization]] >
* Probabilistic Seismic Analysis @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Probabilistic Seismic Analysis]] >
* Deterministic Seismic Analysis @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Deterministic Seismic Analysis]] >
* Reservoir-triggered Seismicity @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Reservoir-triggered Seismicity]] >


* Contractor @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Contractor]] >
* Construction Manager @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Engineer/Construction Manager]] >
* Regulator @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Regulator]] >
* Owner @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Owner]] >
* First Filling @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[First Filling and Monitoring]] >
* Care and Diversion of Water @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Care and Diversion of Water]] >
* Dewatering @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Dewatering]] >
* Constructability Review @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Constructability Review]] >
* Engineering Oversight @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Engineering Oversight of Construction]] >
* Change Management @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Change Management]] >
* Record Keeping @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Record Keeping]] >


* Baseline Natural Cultural Resources @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Baseline Natural & Cultural Resources]] >
* Required Permit Identification @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Required Permit Identification]] >
* Permit Application and Approval Process @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Permit Application and Approval Process]] >
* Wetlands and Waterways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Wetlands and Waterways]] >
* Protected Species @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Protected Species]] >
* Floodplain @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Floodplain]] >
* Cultural Resources @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Cultural Resources]] >
* Contamination Environmental Pollutants @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Contamination / Environmental Pollutants]] >
* Aquatic Life Movement @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Aquatic Life Movement]] >
* Permanent and Temporary Impacts @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Permanent Impacts vs. Temporary Impacts]] >
* Wildlife Habitats @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Wildlife Habitats / Unique Habitats]] >
* Recreational Use Impacts @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Recreational Use Impacts]] >
* Drinking Water Supply @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Drinking Water Supply]] >



* Design and Construction of Embankment Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Embankment Dams]] > [[Design and Construction of Embankment Dams|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of Embankment Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Embankment Dams]] > [[O&M of Embankment Dams|O&M]] >


* Gravity Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Gravity Dams]] >
* Buttress Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Buttress Dams]] >
* Arch Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Arch Dams]] >


* Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] >
* Gates and Bulkheads @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Gates/Bulkheads]] >
* Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] >
* Overtopping Protection @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] >
* Siphons @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Siphons]] >
* Penstocks @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Penstocks]] >
* Flumes @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Flumes]] >
* Canals @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Canals]] >
* Tunnels @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Tunnels]] >
* Energy Dissipation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Energy Dissipation]] >


* Normal Pool @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Reservoirs]] > [[Normal Pool/Storage]] >
* Flood Pool @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Reservoirs]] > [[Flood Pool/Storage]] >
* Dead Pool @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Reservoirs]] > [[Dead Pool/Storage]] >
* Reservoir Rim @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Reservoirs]] > [[Reservoir Rim]] >
* Design and Construction of a Reservoir @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Reservoirs]] > [[Design and Construction of a Reservoir|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of a Reservoir @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Reservoirs]] > [[O&M of a Reservoir|O&M]] >


* Alabama @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Alabama]] >
* Alaska @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Alaska]] >
* Arizona @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Arizona]] >
* Arkansas @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Arkansas]] >
* California @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[California]] >
* Colorado @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Colorado]] >
* Connecticut @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Connecticut]] >
* Delaware @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Delaware]] >
* Florida @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Florida]] >
* Georgia @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Georgia]] >
* Hawaii @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Hawaii]] >
* Idaho @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Idaho]] >
* Illinois @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Illinois]] >
* Indiana @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Indiana]] >
* Iowa @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Iowa]] >
* Kansas @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Kansas]] >
* Kentucky @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Kentucky]] >
* Louisiana @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Louisiana]] >
* Maine @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Maine]] >
* Maryland @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Maryland]] >
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* Michigan @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Michigan]] >
* Minnesota @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Minnesota]] >
* Mississippi @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Mississippi]] >
* Missouri @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Missouri]] >
* Montana @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Montana]] >
* Nebraska @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Nebraska]] >
* Nevada @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Nevada]] >
* New Hampshire @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[New Hampshire]] >
* New Jersey @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[New Jersey]] >
* New Mexico @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[New Mexico]] >
* New York @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[New York]] >
* North Carolina @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[North Carolina]] >
* North Dakota @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[North Dakota]] >
* Ohio @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Ohio]] >
* Oklahoma @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Oklahoma]] >
* Oregon @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Oregon]] >
* Pennsylvania @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Pennsylvania]] >
* Rhode Island @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Rhode Island]] >
* South Carolina @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[South Carolina]] >
* South Dakota @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[South Dakota]] >
* Tennessee @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Tennessee]] >
* Texas @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Texas]] >
* Utah @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Utah]] >
* Vermont @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Vermont]] >
* Virginia @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Virginia]] >
* Washington @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Washington]] >
* West Virginia @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[West Virginia]] >
* Wisconsin @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Wisconsin]] >
* Wyoming @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Wyoming]] >


* Natural Resources Conservation Service @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[Natural Resources Conservation Service]] >
* U.S. Forest Service @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[U.S. Forest Service]] >
* National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] >
* National Weather Service @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[National Weather Service]] >
* U.S. Army Corps of Engineers @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]] >
* Federal Energy Regulatory Commission @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[Federal Energy Regulatory Commission]] >
* Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency]] >
* Federal Emergency Management Agency @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] >
* National Dam Safety Program @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[National Dam Safety Program]] >
* Bureau of Indian Affairs @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]] >
* Bureau of Reclamation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[Bureau of Reclamation]] >
* National Park Service @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[National Park Service]] >
* U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]] >
* U.S. Geological Survey @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[U.S. Geological Survey]] >
* Tennessee Valley Authority @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[Tennessee Valley Authority]] >


* Flood Hydrology @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Flood Conditions]] > [[Flood Hydrology]] >
* Reservoir Routing @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Flood Conditions]] > [[Reservoir Routing]] >
* Wave Runup @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Flood Conditions]] > [[Wave Runup]] >
* Hydrologic Loading Curve @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Flood Conditions]] > [[Hydrologic Loading Curve]] >
* Snowmelt @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Flood Conditions]] > [[Snowmelt]] >
* Ice and Other Debris @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Flood Conditions]] > [[Ice and Other Debris]] >


* Spillway Control Structures @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Hydraulic Performance of Spillways]] > [[Spillway Control Structures]] >


* Physical Models @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Three-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]] > [[Physical Models]] >
* Computational Fluid Dynamics @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Three-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]] > [[Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)]] >


* Test Pitting @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Geotechnical Exploration]] > [[Test Pitting]] >
* Coring @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Geotechnical Exploration]] > [[Coring]] >
* Drilling @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Geotechnical Exploration]] > [[Drilling]] >
* Geophysical @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Geotechnical Exploration]] > [[Geophysical]] >
* Photogrammetry @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Geotechnical Exploration]] > [[Photogrammetry]] >
* Site Reconnaissance @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Geotechnical Exploration]] > [[Site Reconnaissance]] >


* Underseepage @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Foundation Evaluation]] > [[Underseepage]] >
* Settlement @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Foundation Evaluation]] > [[Settlement]] >
* Stability @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Foundation Evaluation]] > [[Stability]] >


* Seepage Analysis @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Seepage Analysis & Filter/Drain Design]] > [[Seepage Analysis]] >
* Filter Design @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Seepage Analysis & Filter/Drain Design]] > [[Filter Design]] >
* Drain Sizing @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Seepage Analysis & Filter/Drain Design]] > [[Drain Sizing]] >


* Material Properties @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] > [[Material Properties]] >
* Loads @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] > [[Loads / Load Cases]] >
* Sliding Stability @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] > [[Sliding Stability]] >
* Rotational Stability @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] > [[Rotational Stability]] >
* Internal Stability @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] > [[Internal Stability (Stresses)]] >
* Linear versus Non-linear @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] > [[Linear vs. Non-linear]] >
* Static Analysis @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] > [[Static Analysis]] >
* Dynamic Analysis @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] > [[Dynamic Analysis]] >


* Reinforced Concrete @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Reinforced Concrete]] >
* Mass Concrete @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Mass Concrete]] >
* Roller Compacted Concrete @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Roller Compacted Concrete]] >
* Structural Steel @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Structural Steel]] >
* Water Tightness @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Water Tightness]] >
* Anchorage @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Anchorage]] >
* Serviceability @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Serviceability]] >
* Gates/Bulkheads @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Gates/Bulkheads]] >
* Conduits & Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Conduits & Outlet Works]] >



* Design and Construction of Gravity Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Gravity Dams]] > [[Design and Construction of Gravity Dams|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of Gravity Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Gravity Dams]] > [[O&M of Gravity Dams|O&M]] >


* Design and Construction of Buttress Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Buttress Dams]] > [[Design and Construction of Buttress Dams|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of Buttress Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Buttress Dams]] > [[O&M of Buttress Dams|O&M]] >


* Design and Construction of Arch Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Arch Dams]] > [[Design and Construction of Arch Dams|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of Arch Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Arch Dams]] > [[O&M of Arch Dams|O&M]] >


* Design and Construction of Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] > [[Design and Construction of Outlet Works|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] > [[O&M of Outlet Works|O&M]] >
* Rehab vs. Replacement Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] > [[Rehab vs. Replacement]] >
* Existing Conditions Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] > [[Existing Conditions]] >
* Outlet Configuration Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] > [[Outlet Configuration]] >
* Filters and Drains Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] > [[Filters and Drains]] >
* Accounting for Energy Dissipation Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] > [[Accounting for Energy Dissipation]] >
* Construction Considerations Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] > [[Construction Considerations]] >


* Design and Construction of Gates and Bulkheads @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Gates/Bulkheads]] > [[Design and Construction of Gates/Bulkheads|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of Gates and Bulkheads @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Gates/Bulkheads]] > [[O&M of Gates/Bulkheads|O&M]] >


* Energy Dissipation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Energy Dissipation]] >
* Controlled Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Controlled Spillways]] >
* Uncontrolled Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Uncontrolled Spillways]] >
* Principal Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Principal Spillways]] >
* Auxiliary Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Auxiliary Spillways]] >
* Emergency Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Emergency Spillways]] >


* Roller Compacted Concrete @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] > [[Roller Compacted Concrete]] >
* Precast Concrete Blocks @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] > [[Precast Concrete Blocks]] >
* Concrete Slab @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] > [[Concrete Slab]] >
* Gabions @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] > [[Gabions]] >
* Vegetative Cover @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] > [[Vegetative Cover]] >
* Turf Reinforcement Mats @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] > [[Turf Reinforcement Mats]] >
* Synthetic Turf Revetments @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] > [[Synthetic Turf Revetments]] >
* Riprap @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] > [[Riprap]] >


* Rainfall Runoff Modeling @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Flood Conditions]] > [[Flood Hydrology]] > [[Rainfall-Runoff Modeling]] >



* Design and Construction of Principal Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Principal Spillways]] > [[Design and Construction of Principal Spillways|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of Principal Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Principal Spillways]] > [[O&M of Principal Spillways|O&M]] >


* Design and Construction of Auxiliary Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Auxiliary Spillways]] > [[Design and Construction of Auxiliary Spillways|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of Auxiliary Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Auxiliary Spillways]] > [[O&M of Auxiliary Spillways|O&M]] >


* Chute Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Uncontrolled Spillways]] > [[Chute Spillways]] >


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Underseepage

2023-03-17T21:12:36Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Foundation Evaluation]]
----

"Flow of water through soil can lead to movement of the soil grains. Continued movement is erosion. Many factors affect whether soil grains will move or not, including hydraulic gradient, soil plasticity, particle size, capillary tension, cementation, and others."<ref name="DS13-8">[[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 8: Seepage) | Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 8: Seepage), USBR, 2014]]</ref>

"A review of historical dam failures indicates that nearly half of all failures of [[Embankment Dams|embankment dams]] have been a result of seepage-induced internal erosion. Additional failures due to high pore pressures or saturated slopes, both attributable to seepage water, add to the list of seepage-related historical failures. Since all [[soils]] are erodible to some extent, [[Embankment Dams|embankment dams]] are potentially susceptible to failure due to seepage. In order to evaluate new or existing dams, with respect to safety against seepage, and design defensive measures to mitigate the effects of seepage, it is important to understand the various modes of failure that can occur due to reservoir seepage acting on an embankment or its foundation."<ref name="DS13-8"/>

"Observations related to seepage through an earth embankment or its foundation may give an early indication of the nature, location, and severity of potential failure modes (PFMs) that may already have initiated or could initiate at higher reservoir levels. For example, vigorously flowing sand boils discharging sediment near the downstream toe of an embankment may indicate that backward erosion piping in the foundation has already initiated and that it has the potential for rapid progression. Likewise, concentrated, clear seepage at an abutment groin may be an indication of a preferential flow path through the abutment, which could provide an avenue for internal erosion at higher gradients."<ref name="FEMAP1032">[[Evaluation and Monitoring of Seepage and Internal Erosion (FEMA P-1032) | Evaluation and Monitoring of Seepage and Internal Erosion (FEMA P-1032), FEMA, 2015]]</ref>

"Seepage collection and monitoring systems should be designed with all failure modes in mind that may reasonably be anticipated at a particular structure site, given its unique geologic characteristics and design features. Ideally, all needed seepage measurement and monitoring systems should already be in place and available to collect seepage information from the [[First Filling and Monitoring | first filling]] on, but of course new seepage areas can emerge at any time. Once water is impounded in the reservoir, all seepage-related phenomena should be evaluated with reference to PFMs of which they could be indicators. Early identification of PFMs that may be at work can facilitate the undertaking of emergency or remedial actions that need to be performed on short notice."<ref name="FEMAP1032" />

"Measuring seepage quantity and quality provides several important [[benefits]]:
# '''Comparison with Design:''' Measurements of actual seepage can be compared with seepage rates assumed or calculated during design to evaluate whether the dam and its various seepage control systems are functioning as intended (e.g., a foundation cutoff system or an embankment or foundation drain).
# '''Identifying Changes with Time:''' The appearance of unexpected seepage or changes in seepage quantity or quality over time can alert the dam [[owner]] to potential problems occurring within the embankment or foundation and allow for the implementation of corrective measures in a timely manner."<ref name="FEMAP1032" />

==Mitigation Measures==
* [[Relief Wells]]
* [[Cutoff]]
* [[Grouting]]
* [[Lining]]

==Examples==
{{Website Icon}} [https://damfailures.org/case-study/teton-dam-idaho-1976/ Learn about the underseepage and internal erosion at Teton Dam that ultimately led to its failure (DamFailures.org)]

==Best Practices Resources==
{{Document Icon}} [[Evaluation and Monitoring of Seepage and Internal Erosion (FEMA P-1032) | Evaluation and Monitoring of Seepage and Internal Erosion (FEMA P-1032), FEMA, 2015]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 8: Seepage) | Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 8: Seepage), USBR, 2014]]

==Trainings==
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: 3-D Effects on Estimation of Gradients, Seepage Flows and Evaluation of Internal Erosion Potential Failure Modes]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Seepage Rehabilitation for Embankment Dams]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Seepage Monitoring and Analysis of Embankment Dams]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Evaluation of Seepage Related Potential Failure Modes (PFM's) in Embankments with Emphasis on Outlet Penetrations]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Specialty Construction Techniques for Foundation Improvement and Seepage Reduction]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Relearning How to Look at Piezometric Data for Seepage Evaluation]]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Construction

2023-03-17T21:11:58Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Home]]
----
{{Picture

|image=const1.jpg

|link=

|caption=Construction of an embankment dam.
}}


"The design of an earth or rock-fill dam is a process continued until construction is completed. Much additional information on the characteristics of foundations and abutments is obtained during clearing, stripping, and trenching operations, which may confirm or contradict design assumptions based on earlier geologic studies and subsurface exploration by [[drill]] holes and test pits. Operations in the borrow areas and in required excavations also provide much data pertinent to characteristics of fill material and of excavated slopes. Weather and [[groundwater]] conditions during construction may significantly alter water contents of proposed fill material, or create seepage and/or hydraulic conditions, necessitating modifications in design. Projects must be continuously evaluated and “re-engineered,” as required, during construction, to ensure that the final design is compatible with conditions encountered during construction. Design and design review personnel will make construction site visits to determine whether design modifications are required to meet actual field conditions (see ER 1110-2-112). [[Environmental]] considerations must (also) be given attention in construction operations. "<ref name="EM2300">[[General Design and Construction Considerations for Earth and Rock-Fill Dams (EM 1110-2-2300) | General Design and Construction Considerations for Earth and Rock-Fill Dams (EM 1110-2-2300), USACE, 2004]]</ref>

==Roles and Responsibilities==
* [[Contractor]]
* [[Engineer/Construction Manager]]
* [[Regulator]]
* [[Owner]]

==Types of Construction Activities==
* [[Geotechnical Exploration]]
* [[Dewatering]]
* [[Care and Diversion of Water]]
* [[Support of Excavation]]
* [[Foundation Protection & Preparation]]
* [[Grouting]]
* [[Construction Considerations|Outlet Works Construction]]
* [[Test Programs to Demonstrate Contractor Means and Methods]]
* [[Contractor Quality Control]]
* [[First Filling and Monitoring]]

==Construction Management Services==
* [[Permitting]]
* [[Constructability Review]]
* [[Engineering Oversight of Construction|Engineering Oversight]]
* [[Change Management]]
* [[Quality Assurance]]
* [[Record Keeping]]

==Trainings==
{{Website Icon}} [[Technical Seminar: Dam Construction and Inspection]]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Flood Risk Management

2023-03-17T21:11:25Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Purposes]]
----

{{Picture
|image=

floodrisk.jpg

|link=


|caption=
([https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Flood Wikipedia])
}}

Many dams are designed to help manage floods or reduce downstream flood damages. These dams often provide flood storage that retains and slowly releases flood water to reduce the peak flow in downstream areas. Flood control dams often go untested for years or even decades prior to the occurrence of a significant flood event when they experience their [[First Filling and Monitoring|first filling]]. Because of this, it is difficult to establish a performance record for these dams under flood pool conditions. This can make it difficult to identify deficiencies in advance of major flood loading events.

Dams built with the assistance of the [[Natural Resources Conservation Service]] provide almost $1 billion in annual flood damage reduction [[benefits]]. Learn more about the Natural Resources Conservation Service's Watershed Protection and Flood Prevention Operations Program at [https://www.nrcs.usda.gov/sites/default/files/2022-08/NRCS_WatershedFloodPrev_Fact%20Sheet-2021.pdf this website].

Dams owned and operated by the [[Tennessee Valley Authority]] produce electricity and prevent an average of about $280 million in flood damage each year.


{{revhistinf}}

First Filling and Monitoring

2023-03-17T21:10:54Z

Grichards: Grichards moved page First Filling to First Filling and Monitoring without leaving a redirect

__NOTOC__
[[Category: Construction]]
{| align="right" style="width:10%;" cellpadding="7"
| [[Image:O'NielDam01.jpg|400px|x400px|link=]]
|-
|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"| Earth embankment dam.
|}
----

The initial filling of a reservoir is the first test that the dam will perform the function for which it was designed. A carefully managed first filling is crucial to the future success of a dam. According to a study completed by the [[Bureau of Reclamation]] on internal erosion failure modes, “approximately two-thirds of all failures and one-half of all dam incidents occur on first filling or in the first 5 years of reservoir operation.”<ref name="IER"> [[Internal Erosion Risks. Best Practices in Dam and Levee Safety Risk Analysis Presentation Series, USBR, 2012]]</ref>

"An initial reservoir filling and surveillance plan should be prepared by the design staff. Initial filling should be well documented, including a record of reservoir elevations and controlled water releases during the filling. The record should include complete written justification and design approval of any deviations from the planned filling. The surveillance record should include all information obtained from inspection of the dam, appurtenant structures, abutments, and reservoir rim during the initial filling."<ref name="FGDS">[[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety (FEMA P-93) | Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety (FEMA P-93), FEMA, 2004]]</ref>

"If an embankment dam were to fail under conditions that could be appropriately defined by a limit-equilibrium analysis, it would do so at one of three critical periods... during [[construction]]... first filling... [and] achievement of maximum pore pressure under a full reservoir."<ref name="DS13-4">[[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 4: Static Stability Analysis) | Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 4: Static Stability Analysis), USBR, 2011]]</ref>

"The second critical period is the first filling of the reservoir. If the dam survives the initial filling and if there is no blowup at the toe, the dam can be considered safe (in effect proof-tested) against failure by piping due to heave... Under many circumstances, including the presence of relatively thin cores or ample well-drained downstream shells, pore-pressure maxima follow so rapidly after the first filling that the survival of the first filling can be considered to be a demonstration of the ultimate safety of the dam under full-reservoir conditions. However, if the impervious section of the dam is thick and impermeable enough to create a time lag between the rise of the reservoir and the rise of piezometric levels in the core or supporting downstream zones, pore-pressure equilibrium may not occur for several years after the reservoir is first filled and the critical period may be delayed."<ref name="DS13-4"/>

"The factor of safety of a dam that survives its first filling and the associated increases in pore pressure will increase with time, unless this factor of safety is so close to unity that cyclic loading produced by fluctuations in the level of the pool causes strain softening and a critical loss of strength."<ref name="DS13-4"/>

"Requirements for initial filling should be available and should be agreed upon. During this time extra precautions and procedures for [[operation]] should be established because unpredictable situations may occur. During the first filling the facility should be attended continuously."<ref name="Small Dams">[[Design of Small Dams | Design of Small Dams, USBR, 1987]]</ref>

==Examples==
{{Website Icon}} [https://damfailures.org/lessons-learned/the-first-filling-of-a-reservoir-should-be-planned-controlled-and-monitored/ Learn more about the need to plan and monitor the first filling of a reservoir (DamFailures.org)]
{{Website Icon}} [https://damfailures.org/case-study/teton-dam-idaho-1976/ Learn more about the failure of the Teton Dam in 1976 during its first filling (DamFailure.org)]

==Best Practices Resources==
{{Document Icon}} [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 2: Embankment Design) | Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 2: Embankment Design), USBR, 2012]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 4: Static Stability Analysis) | Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 4: Static Stability Analysis), USBR, 2011]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety (FEMA P-93) | Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety (FEMA P-93), FEMA, 2004]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Slope Stability (EM 1110-2-1902) | Slope Stability (EM 1110-2-1902), USACE, 2003]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Design of Small Dams | Design of Small Dams, USBR, 1987]]

==Trainings==
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Introduction to Embankment Dams]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Why Embankments Crack and How to Fix Them]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Cracking and Hydraulic Fracturing in Embankment Dams and Levees]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Internal Drainage Systems for Embankment Dams]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Teton Dam – The Failure That Changed an Industry]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Internal Erosion – Applying Erosion Mechanics From ICOLD Bulletin 164 In Internal Erosion Failure Mode Analyses]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: 3-D Effects on Estimation of Gradients, Seepage Flows and Evaluation of Internal Erosion Potential Failure Modes]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Strength Selection for Static Slope Stability Analysis]]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

First Filling and Monitoring

2023-03-17T21:09:18Z

Grichards:

First Filling and Monitoring

2023-03-17T21:08:23Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category: Construction]]
{| align="right" style="width:10%;" cellpadding="7"
| [[Image:O'NielDam01.jpg|400px|x400px|link=]]
|-
|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"| Earth embankment dam.
|}
----

The initial filling of a reservoir is the first test that the dam will perform the function for which it was designed. A carefully managed first filling is crucial to the future success of a dam. According to a study completed by the [[Bureau of Reclamation]] on internal erosion failure modes, “approximately two-thirds of all failures and one-half of all dam incidents occur on first filling or in the first 5 years of reservoir operation.”<ref name="IER"> Internal Erosion Risks. Best Practices in Dam and Levee Safety [[Risk Analysis]] Presentation Series, USBR, 2012</ref>

"An initial reservoir filling and surveillance plan should be prepared by the design staff. Initial filling should be well documented, including a record of reservoir elevations and controlled water releases during the filling. The record should include complete written justification and design approval of any deviations from the planned filling. The surveillance record should include all information obtained from inspection of the dam, appurtenant structures, abutments, and reservoir rim during the initial filling."<ref name="FGDS">[[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety (FEMA P-93) | Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety (FEMA P-93), FEMA, 2004]]</ref>

"If an embankment dam were to fail under conditions that could be appropriately defined by a limit-equilibrium analysis, it would do so at one of three critical periods... during [[construction]]... first filling... [and] achievement of maximum pore pressure under a full reservoir."<ref name="DS13-4">[[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 4: Static Stability Analysis) | Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 4: Static Stability Analysis), USBR, 2011]]</ref>

"The second critical period is the first filling of the reservoir. If the dam survives the initial filling and if there is no blowup at the toe, the dam can be considered safe (in effect proof-tested) against failure by piping due to heave... Under many circumstances, including the presence of relatively thin cores or ample well-drained downstream shells, pore-pressure maxima follow so rapidly after the first filling that the survival of the first filling can be considered to be a demonstration of the ultimate safety of the dam under full-reservoir conditions. However, if the impervious section of the dam is thick and impermeable enough to create a time lag between the rise of the reservoir and the rise of piezometric levels in the core or supporting downstream zones, pore-pressure equilibrium may not occur for several years after the reservoir is first filled and the critical period may be delayed."<ref name="DS13-4"/>

"The factor of safety of a dam that survives its first filling and the associated increases in pore pressure will increase with time, unless this factor of safety is so close to unity that cyclic loading produced by fluctuations in the level of the pool causes strain softening and a critical loss of strength."<ref name="DS13-4"/>

"Requirements for initial filling should be available and should be agreed upon. During this time extra precautions and procedures for [[operation]] should be established because unpredictable situations may occur. During the first filling the facility should be attended continuously."<ref name="Small Dams">[[Design of Small Dams | Design of Small Dams, USBR, 1987]]</ref>

==Examples==
{{Website Icon}} [https://damfailures.org/lessons-learned/the-first-filling-of-a-reservoir-should-be-planned-controlled-and-monitored/ Learn more about the need to plan and monitor the first filling of a reservoir (DamFailures.org)]
{{Website Icon}} [https://damfailures.org/case-study/teton-dam-idaho-1976/ Learn more about the failure of the Teton Dam in 1976 during its first filling (DamFailure.org)]

==Best Practices Resources==
{{Document Icon}} [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 2: Embankment Design) | Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 2: Embankment Design), USBR, 2012]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 4: Static Stability Analysis) | Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 4: Static Stability Analysis), USBR, 2011]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety (FEMA P-93) | Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety (FEMA P-93), FEMA, 2004]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Slope Stability (EM 1110-2-1902) | Slope Stability (EM 1110-2-1902), USACE, 2003]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Design of Small Dams | Design of Small Dams, USBR, 1987]]

==Trainings==
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Introduction to Embankment Dams]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Why Embankments Crack and How to Fix Them]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Cracking and Hydraulic Fracturing in Embankment Dams and Levees]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Internal Drainage Systems for Embankment Dams]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Teton Dam – The Failure That Changed an Industry]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Internal Erosion – Applying Erosion Mechanics From ICOLD Bulletin 164 In Internal Erosion Failure Mode Analyses]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: 3-D Effects on Estimation of Gradients, Seepage Flows and Evaluation of Internal Erosion Potential Failure Modes]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Strength Selection for Static Slope Stability Analysis]]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Outlet Works

2023-03-17T20:59:22Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Water Conveyance]]
----
{| align="right" style="width:10%;" cellpadding="7"
| [[Image:outlet1.jpg|350px|x350px|link=Outlet Configuration]]
|-
|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"| Learn more about typical configurations of outlet works [[Outlet Configuration|here]]
|}


“An outlet works is a combination of structures and equipment required for the safe [[operation]] and control of water released from a reservoir to serve various purposes (i.e., regulating stream flow and quality; releasing floodwater, providing [[irrigation]], municipal, and/or industrial water)”.<ref name="FEMA Outlet Works">[[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679) | Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators, FEMA, 2010]]</ref> Note that although outlet works are often necessary for the proper operation of a dam/reservoir system, they can create a distinct vulnerability in the system. Most outlet works include a conduit penetration and discontinuity within the dam or abutment/foundation, and therefore require careful and judicious design, inspection, and maintenance.

The outlet works is an essential component of any dam where the structure does not allow a continuous flow of water over the face of the dam. The discharge capacity and required outflows from the dam via the outlet works are determined by several factors including the purpose of the dam and/or federal and state regulation(s).

“Outlet works serve to regulate or release water impounded by a dam. It may release incoming flows at a reduced rate, as in the case of a detention dam; deliver inflows into [[canals]] or pipelines, as in the case of a diversion dam; or release stored-water at such rates as may be dictated by downstream needs, evacuation considerations, or a combination of multiple-purpose requirements”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements">[[Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420) |EM 1110-2-1420 Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs, USACE, 1997]]</ref>

“Outlet structures can be classified according to their purpose, their physical and [[structural]] arrangement, or their hydraulic operation… Low level outlets are provided to maintain downstream flows for all levels of the reservoir operational pool. The outlets may also serve to empty the reservoir to permit inspection, to make needed repairs, or to maintain the upstream face of the dam or other structures normally inundated… Outlet works may act as a flood-control [[regulator]] to release water temporarily stored in flood control storage space or to evacuate storage in anticipation of flood inflows. In this case, the outflow capacity should be able to release channel capacity, or higher. The flood control storage must be evacuated as rapidly as safely possible, in order to maintain flood reduction capacity”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />

==Components of Outlet Works==
“The components of outlet works, starting from the upstream end, typically consist of an approach channel, an intake structure, a conduit or a tunnel, a control gate chamber, (located in the intake structure, within the conduit, or at the downstream end of the conduit), an exit chute, an energy dissipater, and a discharge channel. Outlet works are frequently used to pass diversion flows during [[construction]], regulate flood flows, aid in emptying the reservoir in an emergency condition, and permit reservoir lowering for [[inspections]] and special repairs”.<ref name="USACE Structural Design Outlet Works">[[Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works (EM 1110-2-2400) | EM 1110-2-2400 Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works, USACE, 2003]]</ref>

The selection of the size, type, and location of the outlet works varies from one dam to the next and is highly dependent on the type of dam and the intended project purpose(s), the required discharge capacity, the specific hydrologic conditions, or [[Hazard Potential Classification|hazard potential classification]]. When designing the layout and control mechanism of the conduit or tunnel used in the outlet works, two classifications are often used, each with their own advantages and disadvantages: [[Downstream Control|downstream control]] and [[Upstream Control|upstream control]].

“The location of the control features within the outlet works affects the risk associated with internal erosion and backward erosion piping incidents. [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] features can allow pressurized conditions to occur in the upstream portion of the conduit. Pressurized conditions create a greater potential for water escaping under pressure, potentially eroding the surrounding earthfill or foundation [[soils]]. Careful consideration is required in selecting the location of control features”.<ref name="FEMA Conduits through Embankments">[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) | FEMA 484 Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA, 2005]]</ref> [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] allows for easier access to any valves or gates used to control the outlet works, as they can be contained within a galley inside the dam or in an appurtenant structure at the toe of the dam. This simplifies any work associated with inspecting, servicing, or replacing the gates or valves. Industry practice for outlet works with downstream controls is to provide provisions for upstream closure in case of an emergency.

[[Upstream Control|Upstream control]] of the outlet works avoids the constant pressurization of the conduit or tunnel, and the risks associated with it, but has its own disadvantages. Upstream gates or valves are located underwater, meaning that they are more difficult to inspect, service, or replace.

==Life Cycle of Outlet Works==
# [[Design and Construction of Outlet Works]]
# [[O&M of Outlet Works]]
# [[Decommissioning of Outlet Works]]

==Examples==
{{Website Icon}} [[Outlet Configuration|Learn more about outlet configuration]]
{{Website Icon}} [[Filters and Drains|Learn more about filters and drains for outlet works]]
{{Website Icon}} [[Accounting for Energy Dissipation|Learn more about accounting for energy dissipation at outlet works]]
{{Website Icon}} [https://damfailures.org/lessons-learned/all-dams-need-an-operable-reservoir-drain-system/ Learn about the importance of having an operable reservoir drain system (DamFailures.org)]

<noautolinks>==Best Practices Resources==</noautolinks>
{{Document Icon}}[[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679) | Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679), FEMA, 2010]]
{{Document Icon}}[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) | Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484), FEMA, 2005]]
{{Document Icon}}[[Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420) | Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420), USACE, 1997]]
{{Document Icon}}[[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 1: Introduction) | Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 1: Introduction), USBR, 2011]]

==Trainings==
{{Video Icon}} [https://youtu.be/TuQUf-nieVY ASDSO Dam Owner Academy: Spillways & Outlet Works]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Outlet Works

2023-03-17T20:58:02Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Water Conveyance]]
----
{| align="right" style="width:10%;" cellpadding="7"
| [[Image:outlet1.jpg|350px|x350px|link=Outlet Configuration]]
|-
|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"| Learn more about typical configurations of outlet works [[Outlet Configuration|here]]
|}


“An outlet works is a combination of structures and equipment required for the safe [[operation]] and control of water released from a reservoir to serve various purposes (i.e., regulating stream flow and quality; releasing floodwater, providing [[irrigation]], municipal, and/or industrial water)”.<ref name="FEMA Outlet Works">[[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679) | Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators, FEMA, 2010]]</ref> '''Note that although outlet works are often necessary for the proper operation of a dam/reservoir system, they can create a distinct vulnerability in the system. Most outlet works include a conduit penetration and discontinuity within the dam or abutment/foundation, and therefore require careful and judicious design, inspection, and maintenance.'''

The outlet works is an essential component of any dam where the structure does not allow a continuous flow of water over the face of the dam. The discharge capacity and required outflows from the dam via the outlet works are determined by several factors including the purpose of the dam and/or federal and state regulation(s).

“Outlet works serve to regulate or release water impounded by a dam. It may release incoming flows at a reduced rate, as in the case of a detention dam; deliver inflows into [[canals]] or pipelines, as in the case of a diversion dam; or release stored-water at such rates as may be dictated by downstream needs, evacuation considerations, or a combination of multiple-purpose requirements”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements">[[Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420) |EM 1110-2-1420 Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs, USACE, 1997]]</ref>

“Outlet structures can be classified according to their purpose, their physical and [[structural]] arrangement, or their hydraulic operation… Low level outlets are provided to maintain downstream flows for all levels of the reservoir operational pool. The outlets may also serve to empty the reservoir to permit inspection, to make needed repairs, or to maintain the upstream face of the dam or other structures normally inundated… Outlet works may act as a flood-control [[regulator]] to release water temporarily stored in flood control storage space or to evacuate storage in anticipation of flood inflows. In this case, the outflow capacity should be able to release channel capacity, or higher. The flood control storage must be evacuated as rapidly as safely possible, in order to maintain flood reduction capacity”.<ref name="USACE Hydrologic Requirements" />

==Components of Outlet Works==
“The components of outlet works, starting from the upstream end, typically consist of an approach channel, an intake structure, a conduit or a tunnel, a control gate chamber, (located in the intake structure, within the conduit, or at the downstream end of the conduit), an exit chute, an energy dissipater, and a discharge channel. Outlet works are frequently used to pass diversion flows during [[construction]], regulate flood flows, aid in emptying the reservoir in an emergency condition, and permit reservoir lowering for [[inspections]] and special repairs”.<ref name="USACE Structural Design Outlet Works">[[Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works (EM 1110-2-2400) | EM 1110-2-2400 Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works, USACE, 2003]]</ref>

The selection of the size, type, and location of the outlet works varies from one dam to the next and is highly dependent on the type of dam and the intended project purpose(s), the required discharge capacity, the specific hydrologic conditions, or [[Hazard Potential Classification|hazard potential classification]]. When designing the layout and control mechanism of the conduit or tunnel used in the outlet works, two classifications are often used, each with their own advantages and disadvantages: [[Downstream Control|downstream control]] and [[Upstream Control|upstream control]].

“The location of the control features within the outlet works affects the risk associated with internal erosion and backward erosion piping incidents. [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] features can allow pressurized conditions to occur in the upstream portion of the conduit. Pressurized conditions create a greater potential for water escaping under pressure, potentially eroding the surrounding earthfill or foundation [[soils]]. Careful consideration is required in selecting the location of control features”.<ref name="FEMA Conduits through Embankments">[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) | FEMA 484 Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams, FEMA, 2005]]</ref> [[Downstream Control|Downstream control]] allows for easier access to any valves or gates used to control the outlet works, as they can be contained within a galley inside the dam or in an appurtenant structure at the toe of the dam. This simplifies any work associated with inspecting, servicing, or replacing the gates or valves. Industry practice for outlet works with downstream controls is to provide provisions for upstream closure in case of an emergency.

[[Upstream Control|Upstream control]] of the outlet works avoids the constant pressurization of the conduit or tunnel, and the risks associated with it, but has its own disadvantages. Upstream gates or valves are located underwater, meaning that they are more difficult to inspect, service, or replace.

==Life Cycle of Outlet Works==
# [[Design and Construction of Outlet Works]]
# [[O&M of Outlet Works]]
# [[Decommissioning of Outlet Works]]

==Examples==
{{Website Icon}} [[Outlet Configuration|Learn more about outlet configuration]]
{{Website Icon}} [[Filters and Drains|Learn more about filters and drains for outlet works]]
{{Website Icon}} [[Accounting for Energy Dissipation|Learn more about accounting for energy dissipation at outlet works]]
{{Website Icon}} [https://damfailures.org/lessons-learned/all-dams-need-an-operable-reservoir-drain-system/ Learn about the importance of having an operable reservoir drain system (DamFailures.org)]

<noautolinks>==Best Practices Resources==</noautolinks>
{{Document Icon}}[[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679) | Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679), FEMA, 2010]]
{{Document Icon}}[[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484) | Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484), FEMA, 2005]]
{{Document Icon}}[[Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420) | Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420), USACE, 1997]]
{{Document Icon}}[[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 1: Introduction) | Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 1: Introduction), USBR, 2011]]

==Trainings==
{{Video Icon}} [https://youtu.be/TuQUf-nieVY ASDSO Dam Owner Academy: Spillways & Outlet Works]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Mass Concrete

2023-03-17T20:21:59Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Structural Design Considerations]]
----

"Mass concrete is defined as any volume of concrete with dimensions large enough to require that measures be taken to cope with generation of heat from hydration of the cementitious materials and attendant volume change to minimize cracking. A gravity dam and a [[navigation]] lock are examples of massive structures." <ref name="EM2000">[[Standard Practice for Concrete for Civil Works Structures (EM 1110-2-2000)|Standard Practice for Concrete for Civil Works Structures (EM 1110-2-2000), USACE, 1994]]</ref>

One key consideration of mass concrete is the control of the heat of hydration to reduce potential for uncontrolled cracking due to thermal expansion and subsequent contraction. This is most often accomplished by limiting the volume/dimensions of each specific pour and allowing a curing period prior to subsequent pours. Where this is not feasible, additional cooling methods may be employed.

==Best Practices Resources==
{{Document Icon}} [[Standard Practice for Concrete for Civil Works Structures (EM 1110-2-2000) | Standard Practice for Concrete for Civil Works Structures (EM 1110-2-2000), USACE, 1994]]

==Trainings==
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Concrete Construction - Issues and Remedies]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Fundamentals of Concrete Construction Inspections for Dams and Appurtenant Structures]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Uplift and Drainage for Concrete Dams and Spillways]]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Loads / Load Cases

2023-03-17T20:19:51Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Global Stability of a Dam]]
----

{{Picture

|image= Forces_Gravity_Dam.jpg

|link=

|caption= Free body diagram showing forces acting on a gravity dam.
}}


There are a variety of forces against which a dam should be designed to adequately resist including but not limited to: self-weight, static water pressures, wave pressures, sediment buildup pressures, uplift water pressures, wind pressures, thermal loads, ice pressures, and earthquake forces.

"Design of civil works projects must be performed to ensure acceptable performance of all [[Reinforced Concrete|reinforced concrete]] hydraulic structures during and after each design event. Three levels of performance for [[stability]], strength, and stiffness are used to satisfy the [[structural]] and operational requirements for load categories with three expected ranges of recurrence (Usual, Unusual, and Extreme).<ref name="EM 1110-2-2104">[[Strength Design for Reinforced Concrete Hydraulic Structures (EM 1110-2-2104) | Strength Design for Reinforced Concrete Hydraulic Structures (EM 1110-2-2104), USACE, 2016]]</ref> Minimum acceptable factors of safety for these load categories typically vary, with higher factors of safety required for usual conditions and lower factors of safety required for extreme conditions.

==Best Practices Resources==
{{Document Icon}} [[Earthquake Design and Evaluation of Concrete Hydraulic Structures (EM 1110-2-6053) | Earthquake Design and Evaluation of Concrete Hydraulic Structures (EM 1110-2-6053), USACE, 2007]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Stability Analysis of Concrete Structures (EM 1110-2-2100) | Stability Analysis of Concrete Structures (EM 1110-2-2100), USACE, 2005]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Ice Engineering (EM 1110-2-1612) | Ice Engineering (EM 1110-2-1612), USACE, 2002]]

==Trainings==
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Introduction to Concrete Gravity Dams]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Analysis of Concrete Arch Dams]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Stability Evaluations of Concrete Dams]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Uplift and Drainage for Concrete Dams and Spillways]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Seismic Stability Evaluation of Earth Dams]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Earthquake Hazards, Ground Motions and Dynamic Response]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Delhi Dam – A Compound Failure]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Current Trends in the Seismic Analysis of Embankment Dams]]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Global Stability of a Dam

2023-03-17T20:14:27Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Structural]]
----
{| align="right" style="width:10%;" cellpadding="7"
| [[Image:GravityDamUplift1.png|350px|x350px|link=https://damfailures.org/lessons-learned/concrete-gravity-dams-should-be-evaluated-to-accommodate-full-uplift/]]
|-
|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"| Learn more about the need to consider uplift pressure when designing a gravity structure at [https://damfailures.org/lessons-learned/concrete-gravity-dams-should-be-evaluated-to-accommodate-full-uplift/ DamFailures.org]
|}



When a dam impounds a body of water, it will experience a load or force commonly referred to as hydrostatic pressure. A variety of other forces such as uplift pressure, earth pressure, silt pressure, wave pressure, wind pressure, ice pressure, [[seismic]] acceleration, hydrodynamic pressure, and thermal stress from ambient temperature changes can also act on the dam depending upon site conditions. Global [[stability]] refers to the ability of the dam to withstand all design [[Loading Conditions|loading conditions]] with adequate safety margin. This is a function of the geometry and material properties of the dam as well as the magnitude and combination of loads acting on the structure.

While this is imperative for gravity-type dams, global stability must also be demonstrated for appurtenances that impound water. For example, labyrinth spillway weir walls which impound the upper-most portion of a reservoir must be stable under normal and flood loadings. Failure of such a structure would result in the uncontrolled release of a portion of the reservoir. Therefore, they should be designed to gravity dam standards to resist overturning/sliding. This may require supplemental restraint such as grouted anchors due to the relatively low mass of the structure to resist the driving forces imposed by the reservoir.

==Required Data==
* [[Material Properties]]
* [[Loads / Load Cases]]

==Evaluation Criteria==
* [[Sliding Stability]]
* [[Rotational Stability]]
* [[Flotation]]
* [[Bearing Capacity]]
* [[Internal Stability (Stresses)]]

==Types of Analyses==
* [[Linear vs. Non-linear]]
* [[Static Analysis]]
* [[Dynamic Analysis]]

==Examples==
{{Website Icon}} [https://damfailures.org/lessons-learned/concrete-gravity-dams-should-be-evaluated-to-accommodate-full-uplift/ Learn more about the need to consider uplift pressure (DamFailures.org)]
{{Website Icon}} [https://damfailures.org/case-study/st-francis-dam-california-1928/ Learn from the critical oversights that led to the failure of St. Francis Dam (DamFailures.org)]

==Best Practices Resources==
{{Document Icon}} [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 13: Seismic Analysis and Design) | Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 13: Seismic Analysis and Design), USBR, 2015]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Earthquake Design and Evaluation of Concrete Hydraulic Structures (EM 1110-2-6053) | Earthquake Design and Evaluation of Concrete Hydraulic Structures (EM 1110-2-6053), USACE, 2007]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Stability Analysis of Concrete Structures (EM 1110-2-2100) | Stability Analysis of Concrete Structures (EM 1110-2-2100), USACE, 2005]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Roller-Compacted Concrete (EM 1110-2-2006) | Roller-Compacted Concrete (EM 1110-2-2006), USACE, 2000]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Gravity Dam Design (EM 1110-2-2200) | Gravity Dam Design (EM 1110-2-2200), USACE, 1995]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Arch Dam Design (EM 1110-2-2201) | Arch Dam Design (EM 1110-2-2201), USACE, 1994]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Sliding Stability for Concrete Structures (ETL 1110-2-256)|Sliding Stability for Concrete Structures (ETL 1110-2-256), USACE, 1981]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Design of Small Dams | Design of Small Dams, USBR, 1987]]

==Trainings==
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Rehabilitation of Concrete Dams]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Stability Evaluations of Concrete Dams]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Analysis of Concrete Arch Dams]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Introduction to Concrete Gravity Dams]]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Reservoir-triggered Seismicity

2023-03-17T19:08:53Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category: Seismic]]
----
If the proposed reservoir is substantial in volume or active faults cross near the reservoir area, then potential for reservoir-triggered seismicity (RTS) should be evaluated. RTS is the idea that the added weight of the reservoir or pore pressure distribution increases the frequency of earthquakes in areas of high [[seismic]] activity or may cause earthquakes in areas thought to be seismically inactive. RTS has been observed in dams over 100 meters high.


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Background Seismicity

2023-03-17T19:08:23Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Seismic Source Characterization]]
----
Background zones and gridded seismicity are also types of [[Areal Sources|areal sources]]. Background zones are used to model events that occur off of the known faults. Gridded seismicity uses a method of estimating activity rates and b-values by smoothing seismicity over a large region and assigning values to very small zones (or grids).


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Feasibility (PGA from USGS)

2023-03-17T19:07:14Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Seismic]]
----
“The scope of the [[seismic]] hazard study at a site depends on the seismicity of a region or site-specific considerations, the types of structures involved, and the consequences of failure. The design and evaluation of dams for earthquake loading should be based on a comparable level of study and analysis for each phase of the study (seismotectonic, geological, site, geotechnical, and [[structural]] investigations) and that level of study should reflect both the criticality of the structure and the complexity of the analysis procedures".<ref name="FEMA">[[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety: Earthquake Analyses and Design of Dams (FEMA P-65) | Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety: Earthquake Analyses and Design of Dams (Federal Emergency Management Agency, 2005)]]</ref>


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Fault Sources

2023-03-17T19:06:49Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Seismic Source Characterization]]
----

Fault sources are modeled as multi-planar features with earthquake ruptures distributed over the fault plane. The input parameters required to model a fault in a [[Seismic]] Hazard Analysis (SHA) are as follows:
* '''Fault Geometry''': The fault geometry includes the coordinates in map view, cross-section (depth), width, and the dip.
* '''Mechanism''': Each fault should have a specified mechanism: normal, reverse (thrust) or strike-slip. Normal and reverse faulting are examples of dip-slip, where the displacement along the fault is in the direction of dip and movement involves a vertical component. Normal faults occur mainly in areas where the crust is being extended such as divergent boundaries. Reverse (thrust) faults occur in areas where the crust is being shortened for example at convergent boundary. Strike-slip faults are normally steep structures where the two sides of the fault slip horizontally past each other; transform boundaries are a particular type of strike-slip fault. Many earthquakes are caused by movement on faults that have components of both dip-slip and strike-slip; this is known as oblique slip.
* '''Magnitude Distribution''': The magnitude distribution is a probability density function (pdf) that describes the relative number of large magnitude, moderate and small magnitude earthquakes that occur on a seismic source. There are two forms of the magnitude density functions that are considered in Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA). The functions are a truncated exponential model and the characteristic model. Alternate models are composites of the truncated exponential and the characteristic. This parameter is only required for Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis.
* '''Activity Rate''': There are two common approaches for estimating activity rates on seismic sources: historical seismicity and geologic information. This parameter is only required for PSHA.


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Areal Sources

2023-03-17T19:06:17Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Seismic Source Characterization]]
----

Areal sources are based on historical seismicity and are most commonly used in areas that do not have known faults or to account for [[Background Seismicity|background seismicity]]. Areal sources are used to model the spatial distribution of seismicity in three dimensions, an area in map view and a depth. Subduction zones can also be modeled as areal sources by dividing out those earthquakes that occurred on the interface or the intraslab.

==Examples==
{{Website Icon}} [https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/anss-advanced-national-seismic-system USGS Advanced National Seismic System (ANSS)]
{{Website Icon}} [https://www.usgs.gov/programs/earthquake-hazards/national-earthquake-information-center-neic USGS National Earthquake Information Center (NEIC)]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Movement Surveillance & Monitoring

2023-03-17T19:05:23Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Surveillance and Monitoring]]
----

"All structures move as the result of applied loads. Embankments settle and spread over time as the result of consolidation and secondary settlement of the dam and foundation from self weight. Embankments also deform due to external loads produced by reservoir water, rapid drawdown, earthquakes, undermining, swelling clays, and piping. Concrete structures deform due to internal loads such as pore pressure, cooling, and alkali aggregate reaction of concrete; and external loads caused by air and reservoir temperature, solar radiation, reservoir levels, uplift pressure, wind, earthquakes, undermining, ice, overflowing water, swelling clay, and foundation settlement."<ref name="FERC9">[[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 9- Instrumentation and Monitoring| Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 9- Instrumentation and Monitoring (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission, 2015)]]</ref>

"Dams, locks, levees, embankments, and other flood control structures are subject to external loads that cause deformation and permeation of the structure itself, as well as its foundations. Any indication of abnormal behavior may threaten the safety of the structure. Careful monitoring of the loads on a structure and its response to them can aid in determining abnormal behavior of that structure. In general, monitoring consists of both measurements and visual [[inspections]]... To facilitate the monitoring of structures, they should be permanently equipped with proper instrumentation and/or monitoring points per the goals of the observation, structure type and size, and site conditions."<ref name="EM 1110-2-1009">[[Structural Deformation Surveying (EM 1110-2-1009) | Structural Deformation Surveying (EM 1110-2-1009) (USACE, 2018)]]</ref>

Movements in response to such loads are normal and acceptable, provided they are within tolerable ranges and do not cause [[structural]] distress. Embankments are less brittle than concrete structures and can undergo larger movements without distress. As a result, measurements of surface movements of [[Embankment Dams | embankment dams]] are typically less precise than those for concrete structures. Sudden or unexpected direction, magnitude, or trend of surface movement could indicate developing problems. Internal movement measurements of both concrete and [[Embankment Dams|embankment dams]] and their foundations should be detailed and precise.<ref name="FERC9" />

==Types of Movement==
*[[Settlement]]
*[[Rotation or Horizontal Movement]]
*[[Ground Motion (Seismicity)]]
*[[Seasonal Movements]]

==Best Practices Resources==
{{Document Icon}} [[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 9- Instrumentation and Monitoring | Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 9- Instrumentation and Monitoring (Federal Energy Regulatory Commission)]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Instrumentation of Embankment Dams and Levees (EM 1110-2-1908) | Instrumentation of Embankment Dams and Levees (EM 1110-2-1908) (USACE, 2020)]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 11: Instrumentation and Monitoring) | Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 11: Instrumentation and Monitoring) (USBR, 2014)]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Instrumentation for Concrete Structures (EM 1110-2-4300) | Instrumentation for Concrete Structures (EM 1110-2-4300) (USACE, 1987)]]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Seismic

2023-03-17T19:04:47Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Home]]
----
{| align="right" style="width:10%;" cellpadding="7"
| [[Image:LowerSan4.jpg|350px|x350px|link=https://damfailures.org/case-study/lower-san-fernando-dam-california-1971/]]
|-
|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"| Learn more about the failure of Lower San Fernando Dam during a seismic event at [https://damfailures.org/case-study/lower-san-fernando-dam-california-1971/ DamFailures.org]
|}

“The scope of the seismic hazard study at a site depends on the seismicity of a region or site-specific considerations, the types of structures involved, and the consequences of failure. The design and evaluation of dams for earthquake loading should be based on a comparable level of study and analysis for each phase of the study (seismotectonic, geological, site, geotechnical, and [[structural]] investigations) and that level of study should reflect both the criticality of the structure and the complexity of the analysis procedures".<ref name="FEMA">[[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety: Earthquake Analyses and Design of Dams (FEMA P-65) | Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety: Earthquake Analyses and Design of Dams (FEMA P-65), FEMA, 2005]]</ref>

"[[Risk Management|Risk management]] and [[Risk Analysis|risk analysis]] can be used in making seismic evaluation of dams. These methods may be applied to help accomplish the following: prioritize safety evaluations when considering a large number of dams; evaluate the [[benefits]] of alternative remedial measures; select load levels; and evaluate the [[Structural Response|structural response]]. [[Risk Management|Risk management]] and [[Risk Analysis|risk analysis]] tools may also be applied as a framework for the overall seismic evaluation leading to the final decisions. The application of [[Risk Assessment|risk assessment]] procedures in a comprehensive and quantitative manner is used as a tool by various agencies to improve the quality and consistency of decisions on the seismic safety of structures. It is recognized that risk is considered in the application of [[engineering]] judgement even when more formal [[Risk Analysis|risk analysis]] procedures are not employed". <ref name="FEMA" />

A Seismic Hazard Analysis (SHA) is an assessment of naturally occurring earthquakes using faults or past earthquakes to predict the hazard. The purpose of conducting a seismic hazard analysis is to develop seismic design criteria for use in evaluating the seismic response of a given structure or facility. Presently, there are three ways by which the design requirements can be ascertained: use of local building codes; conducting a Deterministic Seismic Hazard Analysis (DSHA); or performing a Probabilistic Seismic Hazard Analysis (PSHA).

Determining which of the three above mentioned analyses that need to be completed depends on the [[owner]] or regulatory commission in charge of the structure that is being designed. It is important to recognize that different agencies, local cities, counties, states or countries could have separate design guidelines that may need to be reviewed to ensure that all guidelines are being followed.

==Types of Seismic Evaluations==
After the applicable codes and regulatory guidelines are determined, the next step is to understand what results are expected from a seismic hazard analysis. It is often helpful to discuss how the results will be used with the lead structural engineer, geologist or geotechnical engineer. Certain projects may need to have inputs for a liquefaction analysis; slope [[stability]] analysis or perhaps reservoir triggered seismicity is a concern. It is always important to understand the studies that may need to be completed before jumping into a seismic hazard analysis.

In the feasibility level analysis pseudo-static coefficients and simplified methods of deformation are sometimes used to estimate deformation. The preliminary design normally includes more complicated analyses, which sometimes requires a site specific spectrum or include development of time histories. Finally, detailed design in many instances includes a finite element method (FEM) analyses which requires time histories. In addition, foundation studies may require the use of SHAKE to deconvolute the time histories to a level of shaking experienced beneath the foundation.

==Required Data==
*[[Geologic and Tectonic Setting]]
*[[Seismic Source Characterization]]
*[[Ground Motion Characterization]]

==Types of Analyses==
*[[Probabilistic Seismic Analysis]]
*[[Deterministic Seismic Analysis]]
*[[Seiches]]
*[[Reservoir-triggered Seismicity]]

==Examples==
{{Website Icon}} [https://damfailures.org/lessons-learned/dams-located-in-seismic-areas-should-be-evaluated-for-liquefaction-cracking-potential-fault-offsets-deformations-and-settlement-due-to-seismic-loading/ Learn more about the importance of accounting for seismic loadings in dam designs (DamFailures.org)]
{{Website Icon}} [https://damfailures.org/case-study/lower-san-fernando-dam-california-1971/ Learn more about the failure of Lower San Fernando Dam during a seismic event (DamFailures.org)]

==Best Practices Resources==
{{Document Icon}} [[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 13- Evaluation of Earthquake Ground Motions | Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 13- Evaluation of Earthquake Ground Motions, FERC, 2018]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 13: Seismic Analysis and Design) | Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 13: Seismic Analysis and Design), USBR, 2015]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Earthquake Design and Evaluation of Concrete Hydraulic Structures (EM 1110-2-6053)|Earthquake Design and Evaluation of Concrete Hydraulic Structures (EM 1110-2-6053), USACE, 2007]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety: Earthquake Analyses and Design of Dams (FEMA P-65) | Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety: Earthquake Analyses and Design of Dams (FEMA P-65), FEMA, 2005]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Response Spectra and Seismic Analysis for Concrete Hydraulic Structures (EM 1110-2-6050)|Response Spectra and Seismic Analysis for Concrete Hydraulic Structures (EM 1110-2-6050), USACE, 1999]]

==Trainings==
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Current Trends in the Seismic Analysis of Embankment Dams]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Seismic Stability Evaluation of Earth Dams]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Earthquake Hazards, Ground Motions and Dynamic Response]]
{{Website Icon}} [[Technical Seminar: Earthquake Engineering for Embankment Dams]]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Ground Motion (Seismicity)

2023-03-17T19:03:47Z

Grichards: Grichards moved page Seismicity to Ground Motion (Seismicity) without leaving a redirect

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Movement Surveillance and Monitoring]]
----

“Although earthquake forces are considered in the design of structures, data obtained from instrumentation during earthquakes have indicated significantly different results when compared to those anticipated in design. Instrumentation should be installed in regions of significant [[seismic]] activity to measure ground motion, hydrodynamic water pressures, and response of concrete dams and intake towers 100 feet or more in height. Also, seismic instrumentation may be desired at other locations where the structure and seismic activity are unusual. Each project should be instrumented to suit the particular structure, geologic and seismic condition”.<ref name="EM 1110-2-4300">[[Instrumentation for Concrete Structures (EM 1110-2-4300)| Instrumentation for Concrete Structures (EM 1110-2-4300), USACE, 1987]]</ref>

“Instruments used to obtain a seismic data are strong-motion accelerometers, peak recording accelerometers, hydrodynamic pressure gages, and seismoscopes”.<ref name="EM 1110-2-4300" />

==Best Practices Resources==
{{Document Icon}} [[Instrumentation for Concrete Structures (EM 1110-2-4300)|Instrumentation for Concrete Structures (EM 1110-2-4300) (U.S. Army Corps of Engineers)]]
{{Website Icon}} [https://earthquake.usgs.gov/data/shakealert/ USGS ShakeAlert® Earthquake Early Warning System]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Settlement

2023-03-17T18:25:45Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Movement Surveillance and Monitoring]]
----
"Soil is a nonhomogeneous porous material consisting of three phases: solids, fluid (normally water), and air. Soil deformation may occur by change in stress, water content, soil mass, or temperature."<ref name="EM1110-1-1904">[[Settlement Analysis (EM 1110-1-1904) | Settlement Analysis (EM 1110-1-1904), USACE, 1990]]</ref>

Settlement is a term typically used to describe the vertical movement of soil. The more generalized term is soil displacement which occurs as a result of the following conditions: Elastic Deformation, Consolidation, Secondary Compression and Creep, Dynamic Forces, Expansive Soil, Collapsible Soil.

==Calculating Settlement for Static Loads==

The total settlement, which is the response to stress applied to the soil, is comprised of three major components:
#Immediate Settlement
#Primary Consolidation Settlement
#Secondary Compression Settlement

==Measurement of Settlement==
* [[Monuments]]
* [[Settlement Sensors]]
* [[Survey]]
* [[Extensometers]]

==Best Practices Resources==
{{Document Icon}} [[General Design and Construction Considerations for Earth and Rock-Fill Dams (EM 1110-2-2300) | General Design and Construction Considerations for Earth and Rock-Fill Dams (EM 1110-2-2300), USACE, 2004]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Instrumentation for Concrete Structures (EM 1110-2-4300) | Instrumentation for Concrete Structures (EM 1110-2-4300), USACE, 1987]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Settlement Analysis (EM 1110-1-1904)|Settlement Analysis (EM 1110-1-1904), USACE, 1990]]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Settlement Analysis (EM 1110-1-1904)

2023-03-17T18:24:04Z

Grichards: Created page with "{{References Template |author=  United States Army Corps of Engineers |date=  1990 |picture=  File:EM 1110-1-1904.jpg |link=  https://damtoolbox.org/images/0/0b/EM_1110-1-1904.pdf |abstract= <!-..."

{{References Template

|author=

United States Army Corps of Engineers

|date=

1990

|picture=

File:EM 1110-1-1904.jpg

|link=

https://damtoolbox.org/images/0/0b/EM_1110-1-1904.pdf

|abstract=

This manual presents guidelines for calculation of vertical displacements and settlement of soil under shallow foundations (mats and footings) supporting various types of structures and under embankments. This manual applies to all Corps of Engineers field operating activities. Applications include, but are not limited to, design analysis of alternatives for new construction, analyses for rationalizing inservice performance, forensic investigations, and damage assessments and repair/rehabilitation design.

|versions=


|errata=

None
}}

File:EM 1110-1-1904.pdf

2023-03-17T18:21:06Z

Grichards:

File:EM 1110-1-1904.jpg

2023-03-17T18:20:24Z

Grichards:

Best Practices Resources Catalog

2023-03-17T18:18:27Z

Grichards:

<noautolinks>
[[Category:Home]]
----
The following table summarizes the best practices documentation that is referenced on this website. It is not an exhaustive list of dam safety technical references, but is intended to provide the best high level guidance that is currently in use. Also see the [[Training Opportunities]] page for a summary of webinars referenced on the website.


{| class="wikitable sortable" style="width: 100%; background-color: #fff;"
|-
! Author !! Title !! Date
|-
| FEMA || [[Dam Safety Warning Signs Best Practices (FEMA P-2188)]] || 2021
|-
| FEMA || [[Emergency Operations Planning: Dam Incident Planning Guide (FEMA P-508)]] || 2019
|-
| FEMA || [[Pocket Safety Guide for Dams and Impoundments (FEMA P-911)]] || 2016
|-
| FEMA || [[Evaluation and Monitoring of Seepage and Internal Erosion (FEMA P-1032)]] || 2015
|-
| FEMA || [[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety Risk Management (FEMA P-1025)]] || 2015
|-
| FEMA || [[Technical Manual: Overtopping Protection for Dams (FEMA P-1015)]] || 2014
|-
| FEMA || [[Emergency Action Planning for Dams (FEMA P-64)]]|| 2013
|-
| FEMA || [[Federal Guidelines for Inundation Mapping of Flood Risks Associated with Dam Incidents and Failures (FEMA P-946)]]|| 2013
|-
| FEMA || [[Selecting and Accommodating Inflow Design Floods for Dams (FEMA P-94)]] || 2013
|-
| FEMA || [[Filters for Embankment Dams]] || 2011
|-
| FEMA || [[Technical Manual: Outlet Works Energy Dissipators (FEMA P-679)]] || 2010
|-
| FEMA || [[Geotextiles in Embankment Dams (FEMA P-730)]] || 2008
|-
| FEMA || [[Emergency Action Planning for State Regulated High-Hazard Potential Dams (FEMA P-608)]] || 2007
|-
| FEMA || [[Model State Dam Safety Program (FEMA P-316)]] || 2007
|-
| FEMA || [[Technical Manual: Plastic Pipe Used in Embankment Dams (FEMA P-675)]] || 2007
|-
| FEMA || [[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety: Earthquake Analyses and Design of Dams (FEMA P-65)]] || 2005
|-
| FEMA || [[Technical Manual: Conduits through Embankment Dams (FEMA P-484)]] || 2005
|-
| FEMA || [[Technical Manual for Dam Owners: Impacts of Animals on Earthen Dams (FEMA P-473)]] || 2005
|-
| FEMA || [[Technical Manual for Dam Owners: Impacts of Plants on Earthen Dams (FEMA P-534)]] || 2005
|-
| FEMA || [[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety (FEMA P-93)]] || 2004
|-
| FEMA || [[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety: Hazard Potential Classification System for Dams (FEMA P-333)]] || 2004
|-
| FEMA || [[Federal Guidelines for Dam Safety: Glossary of Terms (FEMA P-148)]] || 2004
|-
| FERC || [[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 15- Supporting Technical Information Document]] || 2021
|-
| FERC || [[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 11- Arch Dams]] || 2018
|-
| FERC || [[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 12- Water Conveyance]] || 2018
|-
| FERC || [[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 13- Evaluation of Earthquake Ground Motions]] || 2018
|-
| FERC || [[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 14- Dam Safety Performance Monitoring Program]] || 2017
|-
| FERC || [[Risk-Informed Decision Making (RIDM) Interim Policy Guidance]] || 2016
|-
| FERC || [[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 3- Gravity Dams]] || 2016
|-
| FERC || [[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 1- General Requirements]] || 2015
|-
| FERC || [[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 2- Selecting and Accommodating Inflow Design Floods for Dams]] || 2015
|-
| FERC || [[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 6- Emergency Action Plans]] || 2015
|-
| FERC || [[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 9- Instrumentation and Monitoring]] || 2015
|-
| FERC || [[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 4- Embankment Dams]] || 2004
|-
| FERC || [[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 8- Determination of the Probable Maximum Flood]] || 2001
|-
| FERC || [[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 10- Other Dams]] || 1997
|-
| FERC || [[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 7- Construction Quality Control Inspection Program]] || 1993
|-
| FERC || [[Guidelines for Public Safety at Hydropower Projects]] || 1992
|-
| FERC || [[Engineering Guidelines for the Evaluation of Hydropower Projects: Chapter 5- Geotechnical Investigations and Studies]] || 1991
|-
| ICMM|| [[Tailings Management: Good Practice Guide]] || 2021
|-
| ICMM|| [[Global Industry Standard on Tailings Management]] || 2020
|-
| MT DNRC|| [[Dam Owner Emergency Intervention Toolbox]] || 2016
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 5 - Streamflow Data ]]|| 2020
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 4 - Storm Rainfall Depth and Distribution]]|| 2019
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 21 - Design Hydrographs]]|| 2019
|-
| NRCS || [[Technical Release 210-60: Earth Dams and Reservoirs]]|| 2019
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 26 - Gradation Design of Sand and Gravel Filters]] || 2017
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 6 - Stream Reaches and Hydrologic Units]] || 2015
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 50 - Earth Spillway Design]] || 2014
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 51 - Earth Spillway Erosion Model]] || 2014
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 17 - Flood Routing]] || 2014
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 2 - Engineering Geologic Investigations]] || 2012
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 3 - Engineering Classification of Earth Materials]] || 2012
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 4 - Engineering Classification of Rock Materials]] || 2012
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 5 - Engineering Geology Logging, Sampling, and Testing]] || 2012
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 14 - Stage Discharge Relations]] || 2012
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 30 - Groundwater Hydrology and Geology]] || 2010
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 15 - Time of Concentration]] || 2010
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 7 - Hydrologic Soil Groups]] || 2009
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 45 - Filter Diaphragms]] || 2007
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 16 - Hydrographs]] || 2007
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 9 - Hydrologic Soil-Cover Complexes]]|| 2004
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 10 - Estimation of Direct Runoff from Storm Rainfall]]|| 2004
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 11 - Snowmelt]]|| 2004
|-
| NRCS || [[National Engineering Handbook: Chapter 1 - Introduction]]|| 1997
|-
| NRCS || [[Technical Release 210-39: Hydraulics of Broad-Crested Spillways]]|| 1968
|-
| USACE || [[Instrumentation of Embankment Dams and Levees (EM 1110-2-1908)]] || 2020
|-
| USACE || [[Best Practices in Dam and Levee Safety Risk Analysis]] || 2019
|-
| USACE || [[A Guide to Public Alerts and Warnings for Dam and Levee Emergencies (EP 1110-2-17)]] || 2015
|-
| USACE || [[Drilling in Earth Embankment Dams and Levees (EM 1110-1-1807)]] || 2014
|-
| USACE || [[Dam and Levee Safety: Using Risk-Informed Decision Making]] || 2012
|-
| USACE || [[Earthquake Design and Evaluation of Concrete Hydraulic Structures (EM 1110-2-6053)]] || 2007
|-
| USACE || [[Interim Risk Reduction Measures for Dam Safety (EC 1110-2-6064)]] || 2007
|-
| USACE || [[Stability Analysis of Concrete Structures (EM 1110-2-2100)]] || 2005
|-
| USACE || [[General Design and Construction Considerations for Earth and Rock-Fill Dams (EM 1110-2-2300)]] || 2004
|-
| USACE || [[Slope Stability (EM 1110-2-1902)]] || 2003
|-
| USACE || [[Structural Design and Evaluation of Outlet Works (EM 1110-2-2400)]] || 2003
|-
| USACE || [[Ice Engineering (EM 1110-2-1612)]] || 2002
|-
| USACE || [[Design of Spillway Tainter Gates (EM 1110-2-2702)]] || 2000
|-
| USACE || [[Roller-Compacted Concrete (EM 1110-2-2006)]] || 2000
|-
| USACE || [[Response Spectra and Seismic Analysis for Concrete Hydraulic Structures (EM 1110-2-6050)]] || 1999
|-
| USACE || [[Conduits, Culverts, and Pipes (EM 1110-2-2902)]] || 1998
|-
| USACE || [[Applications of Roller-Compacted Concrete in Rehabilitation and Replacement of Hydraulic Structures (TR REMR-CS-53)]] || 1997
|-
| USACE || [[Hydrologic Engineering Requirements for Reservoirs (EM 1110-2-1420)]] || 1997
|-
| USACE || [[Evaluation and Repair of Concrete Structures (EM 1110-2-2002)]] || 1995
|-
| USACE || [[Geophysical Exploration for Engineering and Environmental Investigations (EM 1110-1-1802)]] || 1995
|-
| USACE || [[Gravity Dam Design (EM 1110-2-2200)]] || 1995
|-
| USACE || [[Waterstops and Other Preformed Joint Materials for Civil Works Structures (EM 1110-2-2102)]] || 1995
|-
| USACE || [[Arch Dam Design (EM 1110-2-2201)]] || 1994
|-
| USACE || [[Rock Foundations (EM 1110-1-2908)]] || 1994
|-
| USACE || [[Seismic Design for Civil Works Buildings (ETL 1110-2-366)]] || 1994
|-
| USACE || [[Standard Practice for Concrete for Civil Works Structures (EM 1110-2-2000)]] || 1994
|-
| USACE || [[Seepage Analysis and Control for Dams (EM 1110-2-1901)]] || 1993
|-
| USACE || [[Hydraulic Design of Spillways (EM 1110-2-1603)]] || 1992
|-
| USACE || [[Settlement Analysis (EM 1110-1-1904)]] || 1990
|-
| USACE || [[Instrumentation for Concrete Structures (EM 1110-2-4300)]] || 1987
|-
| USACE || [[Sliding Stability for Concrete Structures (ETL 1110-2-256)]] || 1981
|-
| USACE || [[Hydraulic Design of Reservoir Outlet Works (EM 1110-2-1602)]] || 1980
|-
| USACE || [[National Program for Inspection of Non-Federal Dams (EM 1110-2-106)]] || 1980
|-
| USACE || [[Ice Pressure on Engineering Structures (CRREL III-B1b)]] || 1970
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations)]] || 2022
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 4: General Outlet Works Design Considerations)]] || 2022
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 6: Freeboard)]] || 2021
|-
| USBR || [[USA Dam Removal Experience and Planning (ENV-2021-97)]] || 2021
|-
| USBR || [[Best Practices in Dam and Levee Safety Risk Analysis]] || 2019
|-
| USBR || [[Flood Inundation Mapping]] || 2019
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 12: Plant Testing (Ch. 1: Synchronous Generator, Motor, and Generator/Motor Field Tests)]] || 2018
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 20: Geomembranes)]] || 2018
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 6: Hydraulic and Mechanical Equipment (Ch. 6: Bulkhead Gates and Stoplogs)]] || 2018
|-
| USBR || [[Dam Removal Analysis Guidelines for Sediment]] || 2017
|-
| USBR || [[Design and Construction Considerations for Hydraulic Structures: Roller-Compacted Concrete, 2nd Edition]] || 2017
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 6: Hydraulic and Mechanical Equipment (Ch. 18: Engine-Generator Sets)]] || 2017
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 6: Hydraulic and Mechanical Equipment (Ch. 12: Trashracks and Trashrack Cleaning Devices)]] || 2016
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 6: Hydraulic and Mechanical Equipment (Ch. 14: Auxiliary Mechanical Systems)]] || 2016
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 6: Hydraulic and Mechanical Equipment (Ch. 16: Machine Shop Equipment)]] || 2016
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 13: Seismic Analysis and Design)]] || 2015
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 4: Electrical Infrastructure – Plants and Switchyards (Ch. 3: Plant Machine-Voltage Equipment)]] || 2015
|-
| USBR || [[Guide to Concrete Repair]] || 2015
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 11: Instrumentation and Monitoring)]] || 2014
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 15: Foundation Grouting)]] || 2014
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 16: Cutoff Walls)]] || 2014
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 19: Geotextiles)]] || 2014
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 21: Water Removal and Control: Dewatering and Unwatering Systems)]] || 2014
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 7: Riprap Slope Protection)]] || 2014
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 8: Seepage)]] || 2014
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 3: Water Conveyance Facilities, Fish Facilities, and Roads and Bridges (Ch. 4: Tunnels, Shafts, and Caverns)]] || 2014
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 17: Soil-Cement Slope Protection)]] || 2013
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 2: Hydrologic Considerations)]] || 2013
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 6: Hydraulic and Mechanical Equipment (Ch. 11: Heating, Ventilation, and Air-Conditioning Systems)]] || 2013
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 1: General Design Standards]] || 2012
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 10: Embankment Construction)]] || 2012
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 12: Foundation and Earth Materials Investigation)]] || 2012
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 2: Embankment Design)]] || 2012
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 3: Foundation Surface Treatment)]] || 2012
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 9: Buildings and Other Structures (Ch. 13: Seismic Design)]] || 2012
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 9: Buildings and Other Structures (Ch. 8: Modification of Existing Buildings)]] || 2012
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 1: General Design Standards)]] || 2011
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 4: Static Stability Analysis)]] || 2011
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 5: Protective Filters)]] || 2011
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 13: Embankment Dams (Ch. 9: Static Deformation Analysis)]] || 2011
|-
| USBR || [[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 1: Introduction)]] || 2011
|-
| USBR || [[Water Measurement Manual]] || 2001
|-
| USBR || [[Concrete Manual (Part 2)]] || 1992
|-
| USBR || [[Cavitation in Chutes and Spillways (EM 42)]] || 1990
|-
| USBR || [[Criteria and Guidelines for Evacuating Storage Reservoirs and Sizing Low-Level Outlet Works (ACER TM No. 3)]] || 1990
|-
| USBR || [[Flood Hydrology Manual]] || 1989
|-
| USBR || [[Downstream Hazard Classification Guidelines (ACER TM 11)]] || 1988
|-
| USBR || [[Concrete Manual (Part 1)]] || 1988
|-
| USBR || [[Design of Small Dams]] || 1987
|-
| USBR || [[Hydraulic Design of Stilling Basins and Energy Dissipators (EM 25)]] || 1984
|-
| USBR || [[Design Criteria for Concrete Arch and Gravity Dams (EM 19)]] || 1977
|-
| USBR || [[Design of Arch Dams]] || 1977
|-
| USBR || [[Design of Gravity Dams]] || 1976
|-
| USGS || [[Guidelines for Determining Flood Flow Frequency (Bulletin 17C)]] || 2019
|-
| USGS || [[Frequency Curves]] || 1989
|-
| USGS || [[Measurement of Peak Discharge at Dams by Indirect Method]] || 1968
|-
| USGS || [[Discharge Characteristics of Broad-Crested Weirs (GSC-397)]] || 1967
|}

</noautolinks>

Hydraulics

2023-03-17T18:11:04Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Home]]
----
{| align="right" style="width:10%;" cellpadding="7"
| [[Image:CFD1.png|800px|x800px|link=Outlet Configuration]]
|-
|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"| Analysis of spillway hydraulics using [[Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)]]. CFD can be used to model three-dimensional hydraulic conditions (such as the standing waves downstream of the control section in this picture) that are important in evaluating spillway capacity and the adequacy of spillway training walls.
|}


The hydraulic design of a dam includes a knowledge of the following foundational topics: pressurized and free-surface flow, uniform flow, gradually and rapidly varied flow, steady and unsteady flow, energy and momentum principles, energy losses, and [[cavitation]]. <ref name ="USACE">[[Hydraulic Design of Spillways (EM 1110-2-1603) | Hydraulic Design of Spillways (EM 1110-2-1603), USACE, 1992]]</ref>

==Types of Evaluations==
* [[Hydraulic Performance of Spillways]]
* [[Hydraulic Performance of Outlet Works]]
* [[Dam Breach Inundation Analysis]]
* [[Spillway Integrity Analysis]]
* [[Erosion & Scour Mitigation]]
* [[Tailwater Modeling]]

==Hydraulic Calculation Methods==
Several calculation methods have been developed to represent various hydraulic flow conditions. Some of these methods are founded in theory, such as the Bernoulli Equation which represents the conservation of energy within a non-compressible fluid in motion. Others are empirical in nature. These types of equations are based on observations and experience as opposed to theoretical relationships. Hydraulic calculation methods include the following:
* [[Open Channel Flow]]
* [[Orifice Flow]]
* [[Weir Flow]]
* [[Pipe Flow]]

==Types of Hydraulic Modeling==
Hydraulic conditions are often quite complex and difficult to represent using simple mathematical routines. In these cases, numerical models and computer programs have been developed to solve these complex hydraulic computations. Selection of either a one-, two-, or three-dimensional hydraulic model is necessary depending on both the complexity of the flow conditions and the level of accuracy required of the model. Hydraulic modeling helps to attain a higher-optimized level of [[operation]] of the dam and reduce uncertainty.

“Maintaining the high efficiency of a spillway requires careful design of the spillway crest, the approach configuration, and the piers and abutments. For this reason, when design considerations require departure from established design data, model studies (or three-dimensional computer models) of the spillway system should be accomplished”. Physical model studies or three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models are recommended to confirm any design that involves complex geometric considerations and/or large discharges and velocities. <ref name ="USACE"/>

* [[One-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]]
* [[Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]]
* [[Three-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]]
* [[Physical Models]]

==Best Practices Resources==
{{Document Icon}} [[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations) | Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations), USBR, 2022]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Release 210-60: Earth Dams and Reservoirs | Technical Release 210-60: Earth Dams and Reservoirs, NRCS, 2019]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Federal Guidelines for Inundation Mapping of Flood Risks Associated with Dam Incidents and Failures (FEMA P-946) | Federal Guidelines for Inundation Mapping of Flood Risks Associated with Dam Incidents and Failures (FEMA P-946), FEMA, 2013]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Selecting and Accommodating Inflow Design Floods for Dams (FEMA P-94) | Selecting and Accommodating Inflow Design Floods for Dams (FEMA P-94), FEMA, 2013]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Hydraulic Design of Spillways (EM 1110-2-1603) | Hydraulic Design of Spillways (EM 1110-2-1603), USACE, 1992]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Design of Small Dams | Design of Small Dams, USBR, 1987]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Hydraulic Design of Reservoir Outlet Works (EM 1110-2-1602) | Hydraulic Design of Reservoir Outlet Works (EM 1110-2-1602), USACE, 1980]]

==Trainings==
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Hydraulics 101: Intro to Hydraulics for Dam Safety]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Hydraulics 201 for Dam Safety]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Inlet and Outlet Hydraulics for Spillways and Outlet Structures]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Designing Spillways to Mitigate Failure Modes]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Introduction to Addressing Inadequate Conveyance Capacity at Dams]]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Hydraulics

2023-03-17T16:50:29Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Home]]
----
{| align="right" style="width:10%;" cellpadding="7"
| [[Image:CFD1.png|800px|x800px|link=Outlet Configuration]]
|-
|style="text-align:center; font-size:90%;"| Analysis of spillway hydraulics using [[Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)]]. CFD can be used to model three-dimensional hydraulic conditions (such as the standing waves downstream of the control section in this picture) that are important in evaluating spillway capacity and the adequacy of spillway training walls.
|}


The hydraulic design of a dam includes a knowledge of the following foundational topics: pressurized and free-surface flow, uniform flow, gradually and rapidly varied flow, steady and unsteady flow, energy and momentum principles, energy losses, and [[cavitation]]. <ref name ="USACE">[[Hydraulic Design of Spillways (EM 1110-2-1603) | Hydraulic Design of Spillways (EM 1110-2-1603), USACE, 1992]]</ref>

==Types of Evaluations==
* [[Hydraulic Performance of Spillways]]
* [[Hydraulic Performance of Outlet Works]]
* [[Dam Breach Inundation Analysis]]
* [[Spillway Integrity Analysis]]
* [[Erosion & Scour Mitigation]]
* [[Tailwater Modeling]]

==Empirical Hydraulic Calculation Methods==
Empirical equations are based on observations and experience as opposed to theoretical relationships. Several empirical calculation methods have been developed to represent various hydraulic flow conditions. These include the following:
* [[Open Channel Flow]]
* [[Orifice Flow]]
* [[Weir Flow]]

==Types of Hydraulic Modeling==
Selection of either a one-, two-, or three-dimensional hydraulic model is necessary depending on both the complexity of the flow conditions and the level of accuracy required of the model. Hydraulic modeling helps to attain a higher-optimized level of [[operation]] of the dam and reduce uncertainty.

“Maintaining the high efficiency of a spillway requires careful design of the spillway crest, the approach configuration, and the piers and abutments. For this reason, when design considerations require departure from established design data, model studies (or three-dimensional computer models) of the spillway system should be accomplished”. Physical model studies or three-dimensional Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) models are recommended to confirm any design that involves complex geometric considerations and/or large discharges and velocities. <ref name ="USACE"/>

* [[One-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]]
* [[Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]]
* [[Three-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]]
* [[Physical Models]]

==Best Practices Resources==
{{Document Icon}} [[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations) | Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations), USBR, 2022]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Technical Release 210-60: Earth Dams and Reservoirs | Technical Release 210-60: Earth Dams and Reservoirs, NRCS, 2019]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Federal Guidelines for Inundation Mapping of Flood Risks Associated with Dam Incidents and Failures (FEMA P-946) | Federal Guidelines for Inundation Mapping of Flood Risks Associated with Dam Incidents and Failures (FEMA P-946), FEMA, 2013]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Selecting and Accommodating Inflow Design Floods for Dams (FEMA P-94) | Selecting and Accommodating Inflow Design Floods for Dams (FEMA P-94), FEMA, 2013]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Hydraulic Design of Spillways (EM 1110-2-1603) | Hydraulic Design of Spillways (EM 1110-2-1603), USACE, 1992]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Design of Small Dams | Design of Small Dams, USBR, 1987]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Hydraulic Design of Reservoir Outlet Works (EM 1110-2-1602) | Hydraulic Design of Reservoir Outlet Works (EM 1110-2-1602), USACE, 1980]]

==Trainings==
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Hydraulics 101: Intro to Hydraulics for Dam Safety]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Hydraulics 201 for Dam Safety]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Inlet and Outlet Hydraulics for Spillways and Outlet Structures]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Designing Spillways to Mitigate Failure Modes]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Introduction to Addressing Inadequate Conveyance Capacity at Dams]]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Stepped Chute Spillways

2023-03-17T00:00:36Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Chute Spillways]]
----


Stepped chute [[spillways]] are suited for service and [[Auxiliary Spillways|auxiliary spillways]]. Stepped spillways refer to the stepped chute portion of the spillway and have primarily been used with roller-compacted concrete (RCC) dams, which take advantage of the RCC lift [[construction]] methods, resulting in offsets on the downstream dam face, creating the spillway steps. These steps can be formed or unformed RCC or capped with conventional concrete. A chute-type crest (flat), along with straight or curved ogee crests, are typically used in combination with stepped chutes. Other applications have involved incorporating both smooth flow surfaces and steps into a [[Reinforced Concrete|reinforced concrete]] spillway chute and RCC [[Overtopping Protection|overtopping protection]] for an earth dam. A consideration for a stepped spillway involves the potential kinetic [[Energy Dissipation|energy dissipation]] via the steps, which can reduce the size and type of the terminal structure. However, the kinetic [[Energy Dissipation|energy dissipation]] potential may be reduced as flow depth (relative to the step size) increases (due to skimming flows). Also, consideration should be given to evaluating the [[cavitation]] potential. Examples of stepped spillways include the service spillway at Maricopa Water District’s Camp Dyer Diversion Dam (concrete), the auxiliary spillway (Joint Federal Project) at Reclamation’s Folsom Dam (composite), and the service spillway at Reclamation’s Upper Stillwater Dam (concrete). <ref name="DS14">[[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations) | Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations), USBR, 2022]]</ref>

==Best Practices Resources==
{{Document Icon}} [[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations)|Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations), USBR, 2022]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Design and Construction Considerations for Hydraulic Structures: Roller-Compacted Concrete, 2nd Edition | Design and Construction Considerations for Hydraulic Structures: Roller-Compacted Concrete, 2nd Edition), USBR, 2017]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Roller-Compacted Concrete (EM 1110-2-2006) | Roller-Compacted Concrete (EM 1110-2-2006), USACE, 2000]]
{{Document Icon}} [[Applications of Roller-Compacted Concrete in Rehabilitation and Replacement of Hydraulic Structures (TR REMR-CS-53) | Applications of Roller-Compacted Concrete in Rehabilitation and Replacement of Hydraulic Structures (TR REMR-CS-53), USACE, 1997]]

==Trainings==
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Stepped Chute Spillway Design for Embankment Dams]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: RCC Applications in Dam Engineering - What We Have Learned and What's New]]
{{Video Icon}} [[On-Demand Webinar: Roller Compacted Concrete - Design and Construction of Water Control Structures]]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Grade Control Sill Spillways

2023-03-17T00:00:19Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Chute Spillways]]
----

Grade control sill [[spillways]] are primarily suited for auxiliary and [[Emergency Spillways|emergency spillways]]; however, in some cases, they can function as a service spillway. A grade control sill is a less robust, minimal spillway typically limited to a vertical [[Reinforced Concrete|reinforced concrete]] wall (sill) that is placed in a trench through an excavated trapezoidal channel. The grade control sill can be constructed in both rock and soil foundations. The grade control sill spillway tends to have limited reserve discharge capacity, given channel armorment could be damaged or fail due to discharges that exceed design levels. Therefore, an important consideration is to limit potential erosion during spillway [[operation]]. In summary, this type of spillway should only be used on low head situations where the hydraulic drop (vertical dimension between the reservoir water surface and the downstream river or stream) can be effectively controlled, including limiting erosion potential. Examples of grade control sill spillways include the service spillway at Reclamation’s Crane Prairie Dam (embankment) and the emergency spillway at Reclamation’s Davis Creek Dam (embankment).<ref name="DS14">[[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations) | Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations), USBR, 2022]]</ref>

==Best Practices Resources==
{{Document Icon}} [[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations)|Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations), USBR, 2022]]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

Baffled Apron Spillways

2023-03-16T23:59:56Z

Grichards:

__NOTOC__
[[Category:Chute Spillways]]
----


Baffled apron spillways are suited for service, auxiliary, and [[Emergency Spillways|emergency spillways]]. Baffled apron [[spillways]] provide crest control, conveyance, and [[Energy Dissipation|energy dissipation]] in one structure. Primary considerations are associated with low to moderate hydraulic heads to ensure the baffles function properly and crest lengths are limited (i.e., significant cost increases as crest length increases). Additionally, this spillway may be practical in areas where there is limited space for a terminal structure such as a hydraulic jump stilling basin. Also, effectiveness ([[Energy Dissipation|energy dissipation]] and discharge capacity) of baffled apron spillways can be adversely impacted by debris. An example of a baffled apron spillway is the service spillway at Reclamation’s Conconully Dam (embankment).<ref name="DS14">[[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations) | Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations), USBR, 2022]]</ref>

==Best Practices Resources==
{{Document Icon}} [[Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations)|Design Standards No. 14: Appurtenant Structures for Dams (Ch. 3: General Spillway Design Considerations), USBR, 2022]]


{{Citations}}


{{revhistinf}}

MediaWiki:Breadcrumbs

2023-03-16T23:59:36Z

Grichards:

* Home @ [[Main Page|Home]] >


* Purposes @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] >
* Types @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] >
* Anatomy @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] >
* Agencies @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] >
* Operation and Maintenance @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Operation & Maintenance]] >
* Surveillance and Monitoring @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Surveillance & Monitoring]] >
* Risk Management for Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Risk Management for Dam Safety|Risk Management]] >
* Public Safety @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] >
* Site Security @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Site Security]] >
* Emergency Management @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Emergency Management]] >
* Decommissioning @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Decommissioning]] >
* Engineering @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Engineering]] >
* Hydrology @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] >
* Hydraulics @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] >
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* Structural @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] >
* Seismic @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] >
* Construction @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] >
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* Power Generation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] > [[Power Generation]] >
* Water Supply @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] > [[Water Supply & Regulation]] >
* Recreation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] > [[Recreation]] >
* Flood Risk Management @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] > [[Flood Risk Management]] >
* Irrigation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] > [[Irrigation]] >
* Navigation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] > [[Navigation]] >
* Waste Management @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] > [[Waste Management]] >
* Environment @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Purposes of Dams]] > [[Environment]] >


* Embankment Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Embankment Dams]] >
* Concrete Masonry Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] >
* Composite Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Composite Dams]] >
* Timber Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Timber Dams]] >
* Rubber Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Rubber Dams]] >
* Steel Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Steel Dams]] >
* Tailings Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Tailings Dams]] >
* Low Head Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Low Head Dams]] >


* Water Conveyance @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] >
* Reservoirs @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Reservoirs]] >
* Other Appurtenant Structures @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Other Appurtenant Structures]] >


* States @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] >
* Federal @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] >


* O and M Manual @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Operation & Maintenance]] > [[O&M Manual]] >


* Seepage Surveillance and Monitoring @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Surveillance & Monitoring]] > [[Seepage Surveillance & Monitoring|Seepage]] >
* Movement Surveillance and Monitoring @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Surveillance & Monitoring]] > [[Movement Surveillance & Monitoring|Movement]] >
* Structural Surveillance and Monitoring @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Surveillance & Monitoring]] > [[Structural Surveillance & Monitoring|Structural]] >
* Hydrologic Surveillance and Monitoring @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Surveillance & Monitoring]] > [[Hydrologic Surveillance & Monitoring|Hydrologic]] >
* Visual Surveillance and Monitoring @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Surveillance & Monitoring]] > [[Visual Surveillance & Monitoring|Visual]] >
* Digital Information Management @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Surveillance & Monitoring]] > [[Digital Information Management and Controls]] >
* Inspections @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Surveillance & Monitoring]] > [[Inspections]] >


* Risk Analysis @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Risk Management for Dam Safety|Risk Management]] > [[Risk Analysis]] >
* Risk Assessment @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Risk Management for Dam Safety|Risk Management]] > [[Risk Assessment]] >
* Risk Management @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Risk Management for Dam Safety|Risk Management]] > [[Risk Management]] >
* Risk Communication @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Risk Management for Dam Safety|Risk Management]] > [[Risk Communication]] >


* Legal Public Safety @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] > [[Legal Responsibilities (Public Safety)|Legal Responsibilities]] >
* Risk Assessment Public Safety @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] > [[Risk Assessment (Public Safety)|Risk Assessment]] >
* Risk Mitigation Public Safety @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] > [[Risk Mitigation (Public Safety)|Risk Mitigation]] >
* Public Safety Program Management @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] > [[Public Safety Program Management|Program Management]] >


* Legal Site Security @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] > [[Legal Responsibilities (Site Security)|Legal Responsibilities]] >
* Risk Assessment Site Security @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] > [[Risk Assessment (Site Security)|Risk Assessment]] >
* Risk Mitigation Site Security @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] > [[Risk Mitigation (Site Security)|Risk Mitigation]] >
* Site Security Program Management @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Public Safety]] > [[Site Security Program Management|Program Management]] >


* Emergency Action Planning @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Emergency Management]] > [[Emergency Action Planning]] >
* Other Pertinent Plans @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Emergency Management]] > [[Other Pertinent Plans]] >
* Training EAP Exercises @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Emergency Management]] > [[Training & EAP Exercises]] >
* Emergency Response @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Emergency Management]] > [[Emergency Response]] >
* Recovery @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Emergency Management]] > [[Recovery]] >


* New Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Engineering]] > [[New Dams]] >
* Rehabilitation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Engineering]] > [[Rehabilitation]] >
* Site Planning @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Engineering]] > [[Site Planning]] >
* Permitting @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Engineering]] > [[Permitting]] >


* Low Flow @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Low Flow Conditions]] >
* Normal Flow @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Normal Flow Conditions]] >
* Flood @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Flood Conditions]] >
* Sedimentation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Sedimentation]] >
* Groundwater @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Groundwater]] >
* Unusual Watershed Conditions @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Unusual or Changing Conditions in a Watershed]] >


* Hydraulic Performance of Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Hydraulic Performance of Spillways]] >
* Hydraulic Performance of Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Hydraulic Performance of Outlet Works]] >
* Dam Breach Inundation Analysis @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Dam Breach Inundation Analysis]] >
* Spillway Integrity Analysis @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Spillway Integrity Analysis]] >
* Erosion Scour Mitigation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Erosion & Scour Mitigation]] >
* Tailwater Modeling @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Tailwater Modeling]] >
* 1D Hydraulic Models @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[One-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]] >
* 2D Hydraulic Models @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Two-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]] >
* 3D Hydraulic Models @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Three-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]] >


* Geologic History @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Geologic History]] >
* Geotechnical Exploration @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Geotechnical Exploration]] >
* Foundation Evaluation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Foundation Evaluation]] >
* Seepage Analysis and Filter Design @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Seepage Analysis & Filter/Drain Design]] >
* Slope Stability @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Slope Stability]] >
* Static Deformation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Static Deformation]] >
* Borrow Investigation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Borrow Investigation]] >
* Reservoir Rim Stability @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Reservoir Rim Stability]] >


* Global Stability of a Dam @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] >
* Structural Design Considerations @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] >


* Feasibility Seismic @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Feasibility (PGA from USGS)]] >
* Preliminary Seismic @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Preliminary (Deterministic)]] >
* Detailed Seismic @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Detailed (Site Specific)]] >
* Geologic and Tectonic Setting @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Geologic and Tectonic Setting]] >
* Seismic Source Characterization @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Seismic Source Characterization]] >
* Ground Motion Characterization @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Ground Motion Characterization]] >
* Probabilistic Seismic Analysis @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Probabilistic Seismic Analysis]] >
* Deterministic Seismic Analysis @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Deterministic Seismic Analysis]] >
* Reservoir-triggered Seismicity @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Seismic]] > [[Reservoir-triggered Seismicity]] >


* Contractor @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Contractor]] >
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* Regulator @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Regulator]] >
* Owner @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Owner]] >
* First Filling @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[First Filling]] >
* Care and Diversion of Water @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Care and Diversion of Water]] >
* Dewatering @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Dewatering]] >
* Constructability Review @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Constructability Review]] >
* Engineering Oversight @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Engineering Oversight of Construction]] >
* Change Management @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Change Management]] >
* Record Keeping @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Construction]] > [[Record Keeping]] >


* Baseline Natural Cultural Resources @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Baseline Natural & Cultural Resources]] >
* Required Permit Identification @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Required Permit Identification]] >
* Permit Application and Approval Process @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Permit Application and Approval Process]] >
* Wetlands and Waterways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Wetlands and Waterways]] >
* Protected Species @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Protected Species]] >
* Floodplain @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Floodplain]] >
* Cultural Resources @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Cultural Resources]] >
* Contamination Environmental Pollutants @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Contamination / Environmental Pollutants]] >
* Aquatic Life Movement @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Aquatic Life Movement]] >
* Permanent and Temporary Impacts @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Permanent Impacts vs. Temporary Impacts]] >
* Wildlife Habitats @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Wildlife Habitats / Unique Habitats]] >
* Recreational Use Impacts @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Recreational Use Impacts]] >
* Drinking Water Supply @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Environmental]] > [[Drinking Water Supply]] >



* Design and Construction of Embankment Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Embankment Dams]] > [[Design and Construction of Embankment Dams|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of Embankment Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Embankment Dams]] > [[O&M of Embankment Dams|O&M]] >


* Gravity Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Gravity Dams]] >
* Buttress Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Buttress Dams]] >
* Arch Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Arch Dams]] >


* Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] >
* Gates and Bulkheads @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Gates/Bulkheads]] >
* Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] >
* Overtopping Protection @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] >
* Siphons @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Siphons]] >
* Penstocks @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Penstocks]] >
* Flumes @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Flumes]] >
* Canals @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Canals]] >
* Tunnels @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Tunnels]] >
* Energy Dissipation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Energy Dissipation]] >


* Normal Pool @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Reservoirs]] > [[Normal Pool/Storage]] >
* Flood Pool @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Reservoirs]] > [[Flood Pool/Storage]] >
* Dead Pool @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Reservoirs]] > [[Dead Pool/Storage]] >
* Reservoir Rim @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Reservoirs]] > [[Reservoir Rim]] >
* Design and Construction of a Reservoir @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Reservoirs]] > [[Design and Construction of a Reservoir|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of a Reservoir @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Reservoirs]] > [[O&M of a Reservoir|O&M]] >


* Alabama @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Alabama]] >
* Alaska @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Alaska]] >
* Arizona @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Arizona]] >
* Arkansas @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Arkansas]] >
* California @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[California]] >
* Colorado @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Colorado]] >
* Connecticut @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Connecticut]] >
* Delaware @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Delaware]] >
* Florida @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Florida]] >
* Georgia @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Georgia]] >
* Hawaii @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Hawaii]] >
* Idaho @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Idaho]] >
* Illinois @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Illinois]] >
* Indiana @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Indiana]] >
* Iowa @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Iowa]] >
* Kansas @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Kansas]] >
* Kentucky @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Kentucky]] >
* Louisiana @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Louisiana]] >
* Maine @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Maine]] >
* Maryland @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Maryland]] >
* Massachusetts @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Massachusetts]] >
* Michigan @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Michigan]] >
* Minnesota @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Minnesota]] >
* Mississippi @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Mississippi]] >
* Missouri @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Missouri]] >
* Montana @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Montana]] >
* Nebraska @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Nebraska]] >
* Nevada @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Nevada]] >
* New Hampshire @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[New Hampshire]] >
* New Jersey @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[New Jersey]] >
* New Mexico @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[New Mexico]] >
* New York @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[New York]] >
* North Carolina @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[North Carolina]] >
* North Dakota @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[North Dakota]] >
* Ohio @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Ohio]] >
* Oklahoma @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Oklahoma]] >
* Oregon @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Oregon]] >
* Pennsylvania @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Pennsylvania]] >
* Rhode Island @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Rhode Island]] >
* South Carolina @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[South Carolina]] >
* South Dakota @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[South Dakota]] >
* Tennessee @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Tennessee]] >
* Texas @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Texas]] >
* Utah @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Utah]] >
* Vermont @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Vermont]] >
* Virginia @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Virginia]] >
* Washington @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Washington]] >
* West Virginia @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[West Virginia]] >
* Wisconsin @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Wisconsin]] >
* Wyoming @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[State Regulation and Resources]] > [[Wyoming]] >


* Natural Resources Conservation Service @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[Natural Resources Conservation Service]] >
* U.S. Forest Service @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[U.S. Forest Service]] >
* National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration]] >
* National Weather Service @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[National Weather Service]] >
* U.S. Army Corps of Engineers @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[U.S. Army Corps of Engineers]] >
* Federal Energy Regulatory Commission @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[Federal Energy Regulatory Commission]] >
* Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[Cybersecurity and Infrastructure Security Agency]] >
* Federal Emergency Management Agency @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[Federal Emergency Management Agency]] >
* National Dam Safety Program @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[National Dam Safety Program]] >
* Bureau of Indian Affairs @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[Bureau of Indian Affairs]] >
* Bureau of Reclamation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[Bureau of Reclamation]] >
* National Park Service @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[National Park Service]] >
* U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[U.S. Fish and Wildlife Service]] >
* U.S. Geological Survey @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[U.S. Geological Survey]] >
* Tennessee Valley Authority @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[State & Federal Agencies]] > [[Federal Guidance and Resources]] > [[Tennessee Valley Authority]] >


* Flood Hydrology @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Flood Conditions]] > [[Flood Hydrology]] >
* Reservoir Routing @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Flood Conditions]] > [[Reservoir Routing]] >
* Wave Runup @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Flood Conditions]] > [[Wave Runup]] >
* Hydrologic Loading Curve @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Flood Conditions]] > [[Hydrologic Loading Curve]] >
* Snowmelt @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Flood Conditions]] > [[Snowmelt]] >
* Ice and Other Debris @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Flood Conditions]] > [[Ice and Other Debris]] >


* Spillway Control Structures @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Hydraulic Performance of Spillways]] > [[Spillway Control Structures]] >


* Physical Models @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Three-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]] > [[Physical Models]] >
* Computational Fluid Dynamics @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydraulics]] > [[Three-Dimensional Hydraulic Models]] > [[Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD)]] >


* Test Pitting @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Geotechnical Exploration]] > [[Test Pitting]] >
* Coring @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Geotechnical Exploration]] > [[Coring]] >
* Drilling @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Geotechnical Exploration]] > [[Drilling]] >
* Geophysical @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Geotechnical Exploration]] > [[Geophysical]] >
* Photogrammetry @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Geotechnical Exploration]] > [[Photogrammetry]] >
* Site Reconnaissance @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Geotechnical Exploration]] > [[Site Reconnaissance]] >


* Underseepage @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Foundation Evaluation]] > [[Underseepage]] >
* Settlement @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Foundation Evaluation]] > [[Settlement]] >
* Stability @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Foundation Evaluation]] > [[Stability]] >


* Seepage Analysis @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Seepage Analysis & Filter/Drain Design]] > [[Seepage Analysis]] >
* Filter Design @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Seepage Analysis & Filter/Drain Design]] > [[Filter Design]] >
* Drain Sizing @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Geotechnical and Geology]] > [[Seepage Analysis & Filter/Drain Design]] > [[Drain Sizing]] >


* Material Properties @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] > [[Material Properties]] >
* Loads @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] > [[Loads / Load Cases]] >
* Sliding Stability @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] > [[Sliding Stability]] >
* Rotational Stability @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] > [[Rotational Stability]] >
* Internal Stability @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] > [[Internal Stability (Stresses)]] >
* Linear versus Non-linear @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] > [[Linear vs. Non-linear]] >
* Static Analysis @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] > [[Static Analysis]] >
* Dynamic Analysis @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Global Stability of a Dam|Global Stability]] > [[Dynamic Analysis]] >


* Reinforced Concrete @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Reinforced Concrete]] >
* Mass Concrete @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Mass Concrete]] >
* Roller Compacted Concrete @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Roller Compacted Concrete]] >
* Structural Steel @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Structural Steel]] >
* Water Tightness @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Water Tightness]] >
* Anchorage @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Anchorage]] >
* Serviceability @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Serviceability]] >
* Gates/Bulkheads @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Gates/Bulkheads]] >
* Conduits & Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Structural]] > [[Structural Design Considerations|Design Considerations]] > [[Conduits & Outlet Works]] >



* Design and Construction of Gravity Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Gravity Dams]] > [[Design and Construction of Gravity Dams|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of Gravity Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Gravity Dams]] > [[O&M of Gravity Dams|O&M]] >


* Design and Construction of Buttress Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Buttress Dams]] > [[Design and Construction of Buttress Dams|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of Buttress Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Buttress Dams]] > [[O&M of Buttress Dams|O&M]] >


* Design and Construction of Arch Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Arch Dams]] > [[Design and Construction of Arch Dams|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of Arch Dams @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Types of Dams]] > [[Concrete/Masonry Dams]] > [[Arch Dams]] > [[O&M of Arch Dams|O&M]] >


* Design and Construction of Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] > [[Design and Construction of Outlet Works|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] > [[O&M of Outlet Works|O&M]] >
* Rehab vs. Replacement Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] > [[Rehab vs. Replacement]] >
* Existing Conditions Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] > [[Existing Conditions]] >
* Outlet Configuration Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] > [[Outlet Configuration]] >
* Filters and Drains Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] > [[Filters and Drains]] >
* Accounting for Energy Dissipation Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] > [[Accounting for Energy Dissipation]] >
* Construction Considerations Outlet Works @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Outlet Works]] > [[Construction Considerations]] >


* Design and Construction of Gates and Bulkheads @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Gates/Bulkheads]] > [[Design and Construction of Gates/Bulkheads|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of Gates and Bulkheads @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Gates/Bulkheads]] > [[O&M of Gates/Bulkheads|O&M]] >


* Energy Dissipation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Energy Dissipation]] >
* Controlled Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Controlled Spillways]] >
* Uncontrolled Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Uncontrolled Spillways]] >
* Principal Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Principal Spillways]] >
* Auxiliary Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Auxiliary Spillways]] >
* Emergency Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Emergency Spillways]] >


* Roller Compacted Concrete @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] > [[Roller Compacted Concrete]] >
* Precast Concrete Blocks @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] > [[Precast Concrete Blocks]] >
* Concrete Slab @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] > [[Concrete Slab]] >
* Gabions @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] > [[Gabions]] >
* Vegetative Cover @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] > [[Vegetative Cover]] >
* Turf Reinforcement Mats @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] > [[Turf Reinforcement Mats]] >
* Synthetic Turf Revetments @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] > [[Synthetic Turf Revetments]] >
* Riprap @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Overtopping Protection]] > [[Riprap]] >


* Rainfall Runoff Modeling @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Hydrology]] > [[Flood Conditions]] > [[Flood Hydrology]] > [[Rainfall-Runoff Modeling]] >



* Design and Construction of Principal Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Principal Spillways]] > [[Design and Construction of Principal Spillways|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of Principal Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Principal Spillways]] > [[O&M of Principal Spillways|O&M]] >


* Design and Construction of Auxiliary Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Auxiliary Spillways]] > [[Design and Construction of Auxiliary Spillways|Design and Construction]] >
* Operation and Maintenance of Auxiliary Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Auxiliary Spillways]] > [[O&M of Auxiliary Spillways|O&M]] >


* Chute Spillways @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Anatomy of Dams]] > [[Water Conveyance]] > [[Spillways]] > [[Uncontrolled Spillways]] > [[Chute Spillways]] >


* Contribute To This Site @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Contribute To This Site]] >
* Dam Safety Toolbox Formatting/Style Guide @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Contribute To This Site]] > [[Dam Safety Toolbox Formatting/Style Guide]] >
* Dam Safety Toolbox Policies and Procedures Guide @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Contribute To This Site]] > [[Dam Safety Toolbox Policies and Procedures Guide]] >
* Guidelines for Creating a Topic Page @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Contribute To This Site]] > [[Dam Safety Toolbox Formatting/Style Guide]] > [[Guidelines for Creating a Topic Page]] >
* Guidelines for Creating a Best Practices Resource Page @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Contribute To This Site]] > [[Dam Safety Toolbox Formatting/Style Guide]] > [[Guidelines for Creating a Best Practices Resource Page]] >
* Guidelines for Creating a Training Page @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Contribute To This Site]] > [[Dam Safety Toolbox Formatting/Style Guide]] > [[Guidelines for Creating a Training Page]] >
* Guidelines for Creating an Example Page @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Contribute To This Site]] > [[Dam Safety Toolbox Formatting/Style Guide]] > [[Guidelines for Creating an Example Page]] >
* Formatting Guidelines @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Contribute To This Site]] > [[Dam Safety Toolbox Formatting/Style Guide]] > [[Formatting Guidelines]] >
* Guidelines for Uploading New Files @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Contribute To This Site]] > [[Dam Safety Toolbox Formatting/Style Guide]] > [[Guidelines for Uploading New Files]] >
* Guidelines for Using Templates @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Contribute To This Site]] > [[Dam Safety Toolbox Formatting/Style Guide]] > [[Guidelines for Using Templates]] >
* Guidelines for Adding "Breadcrumbs" to a Page @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Contribute To This Site]] > [[Dam Safety Toolbox Formatting/Style Guide]] > [[Guidelines for Adding "Breadcrumbs" to a Page]] >
* Guidelines for Inserting a Citation @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Contribute To This Site]] > [[Dam Safety Toolbox Formatting/Style Guide]] > [[Guidelines for Inserting a Citation]] >
* Guidelines for Inserting Links @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Contribute To This Site]] > [[Dam Safety Toolbox Formatting/Style Guide]] > [[Guidelines for Inserting Links]] >
* Website Content Policies and Guidelines @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Contribute To This Site]] > [[Dam Safety Toolbox Policies and Procedures Guide]] > [[Website Content Policies and Guidelines]] >
* Media and Copyright Policies and Guidelines @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Contribute To This Site]] > [[Dam Safety Toolbox Policies and Procedures Guide]] > [[Media and Copyright Policies and Guidelines]] >
* Content Moderation Policies and Guidelines @ [[Main Page|Home]] > [[Contribute To This Site]] > [[Dam Safety Toolbox Policies and Procedures Guide]] > [[Content Moderation Policies and Guidelines]] >